【正文】 s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。Nestled close to the country39。并且在環(huán)境方面應(yīng)注意施工的季節(jié)，環(huán)境的溫濕度，嚴(yán)格控制現(xiàn)場(chǎng)坍落度、防風(fēng)、及時(shí)和氣象站保持緊密聯(lián)系。材料選擇方面存在粗細(xì)集料含泥量過(guò)大、骨料粒徑太細(xì)、混凝土外加劑和摻和料選擇不當(dāng)、水泥品種原因、水泥等級(jí)及混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)的原因。利用壓送設(shè)備（~）將補(bǔ)縫漿液注入砼裂隙，達(dá)到閉塞的目的，該方法屬傳統(tǒng)方法，效果很好。除非承載力嚴(yán)重不足，不要輕易打掉重建，耗費(fèi)巨資補(bǔ)強(qiáng)加固。 混凝土的養(yǎng)護(hù)1. 養(yǎng)護(hù)是防止混凝土產(chǎn)生裂縫的重要措施，必須充分重視，并制定養(yǎng)護(hù)方案，派專(zhuān)人養(yǎng)護(hù)工作。當(dāng)混凝土中摻加外加劑或采用快硬水泥時(shí)，持續(xù)時(shí)間應(yīng)由實(shí)驗(yàn)確定。，并應(yīng)具有足夠的剛度、強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，間距適度，防止支撐沉陷，引起模板變形。應(yīng)采用適當(dāng)較小的水膠比。%。 2．選用級(jí)配優(yōu)良的砂、石原材料，含泥量應(yīng)符合規(guī)范要求。 如因結(jié)構(gòu)或造型方面原因等而不得以時(shí)，應(yīng)充分考慮采用加強(qiáng)措施。 ，隨意拆除承重墻或鑿洞等，引起裂縫。 施工及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)養(yǎng)護(hù)原因 ，振搗或插入不當(dāng)，漏振、過(guò)振或振搗棒抽撤過(guò)快，均會(huì)影響混凝土的密實(shí)性和均勻性，誘導(dǎo)裂縫的產(chǎn)生。 ，礦渣硅酸鹽水泥收縮比普通硅酸鹽水泥收縮大、粉煤灰及礬土水泥收縮值較小、快硬水泥收縮大。 (如墻板、樓板)。有些裂縫的繼續(xù)擴(kuò)展可能危及結(jié)構(gòu)安全，因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)的最終破壞往往是從裂縫開(kāi)始的，成為結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞的先兆，這主要是指荷載產(chǎn)生的裂縫；有些裂縫的出現(xiàn)造成工程滲漏，影響正常使用，是鋼筋銹蝕，保護(hù)層剝落，降低混凝土強(qiáng)度，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害工程耐久性，縮短工程使用壽命，這主要是指變形產(chǎn)生的裂縫；還有耦合作用下的裂縫和堿骨料反應(yīng)膨脹應(yīng)力引起的裂縫及凍融引起的裂縫。本文從設(shè)計(jì)、材料、配合比、施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)養(yǎng)護(hù)等方面對(duì)混凝土工程中常見(jiàn)的一些裂縫的成因進(jìn)行了分析探討。 cause。裂縫原因是設(shè)計(jì)、施工、材料、環(huán)境及管理等相互影響的綜合性問(wèn)題，解決裂縫控制問(wèn)題應(yīng)當(dāng)采取綜合方法。集料顆粒級(jí)配不良或采取不恰當(dāng)?shù)拈g斷級(jí)配，容易造成混凝土收縮的增大，誘導(dǎo)裂縫的產(chǎn)生。 、用水量越高，表現(xiàn)為水泥漿體積越大、坍落度越大，收縮越大。 ，對(duì)水化計(jì)算不準(zhǔn)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)混凝土降溫及保溫工作不到位，引起混凝土內(nèi)部溫度過(guò)高或內(nèi)外溫差過(guò)大，混凝土產(chǎn)生溫度裂縫。所謂‘抗’就是處于約束狀態(tài)下的結(jié)構(gòu)，沒(méi)有足夠的變形余地時(shí)，為防止裂縫所采取的有力措施，而所謂‘放’就是結(jié)構(gòu)完全處于自由變形無(wú)約束狀態(tài)下，有足夠變形余地時(shí)所采取的措施。，地下室在以下部位易出現(xiàn)裂縫(1) 地下室頂板；(2) 地下室的窗上墻和窗下墻。應(yīng)通過(guò)大量的試驗(yàn)確定膨脹劑的最佳摻量。模板及其支架應(yīng)具有足夠的承載能力、剛度和穩(wěn)定性，能可靠地承受澆筑混凝土的自重、側(cè)壓力、施工過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的荷載，以及上層機(jī)構(gòu)施工時(shí)產(chǎn)生的荷載。模板及其支架拆除時(shí)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)可能尚未形成設(shè)計(jì)要求的受力體系，必要時(shí)應(yīng)加設(shè)臨時(shí)支撐。，當(dāng)有離析時(shí)，應(yīng)進(jìn)行二次攪拌，攪拌時(shí)間應(yīng)由實(shí)驗(yàn)確定。4. 對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)澆筑的混凝土要進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，運(yùn)抵現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的混凝土坍落不能滿足施工要求時(shí)，可采取經(jīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)確認(rèn)的可靠方法調(diào)整坍落度，嚴(yán)禁隨意加水。 管理方面應(yīng)當(dāng)確定科學(xué)的控制裂縫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，合理的選擇施工進(jìn)度，避免在混凝土施工中過(guò)分搶修工期，監(jiān)督混凝土施工中制定的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)措施，必須嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行。表面貼補(bǔ)（土工膜或其它防水片）法適用于大面積漏水（蜂窩麻面等或不易確定具體漏水位置、變形縫）的防滲堵漏 用修補(bǔ)材料直接填充裂縫，一般用來(lái)修補(bǔ)較寬的裂縫，作業(yè)簡(jiǎn)單，費(fèi)用低。常用的置換材料有：普通混凝土或水泥砂漿、聚合物或改性聚合物混凝土或砂漿?；炷僚浜媳仍O(shè)計(jì)從干縮率、坍落度、用水量、水泥用量、水膠比、砂率的配制，采用引氣劑或引氣減水劑等控制措施。The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。s Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the