環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)---第二十三章空氣、水和土壤污染物-免費(fèi)閱讀
【正文】 相關(guān)主題 太陽輻射與氣候（ C1）空氣、水和土壤污染物（ W1） 平流層臭氧 缺損 含氯氟烴（ CFCs）能降解同溫層中的臭氧。 大氣也具有這種特性，我們稱之為溫室效應(yīng) Ozone is a highly reactive oxygen molecule containing three oxygen atoms, O3. There is a naturally occurring high altitude (stratospheric) layer of ozone which is important to life as it absorbs potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation. Lowaltitude (tropospheric) ozone is toxic, and is produced by photochemical smog resulting from fossil fuel emissions. Key Notes What is ozone W3 OZONE W3 臭 氧 要 點(diǎn) 什么是臭氧 臭氧（ O ）是含有 3個(gè)氧原子的高活性氧分子，在高空（平流層）有自然形成的一層臭氧。增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是化石燃料的燃燒。通過鎘及其化合物經(jīng)食物、水和空氣進(jìn)入人體后產(chǎn)生的毒害作用。金屬 鉻 很不活潑，二價(jià) 鉻 化合物一般認(rèn)為是無毒的。水中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)被微生物分解，降低了溶氧水平?？諝馕廴疽材芨淖儦夂蛞约巴寥?、湖泊和河流的化學(xué)性質(zhì)。 籠罩著空氣污染的城市 Water bodies in northern temperate regions of Europe and North America have suffered form acidification due to ‘a(chǎn)cid rain is a result of fossil fuel burning, which produces sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitric oxide (NO) which may bine with atmospheric water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HCO3), respectively, The term ‘a(chǎn)cid deposition’ is more accurate as acid may also be deposited from the air in the form of snow, sleet and fog. Acid rain reduces the pH of soil and lakes, while acidification can also cause the death of trees and allow toxic metals (. aluminium and mercury) to be leached from soils and sediments. Acid rain 酸 雨 歐洲和北美的北溫帶地區(qū)的水體已經(jīng)遭受到酸雨帶來的酸化。溶氧水平可以由“生化需氧量”（ biochemical oxygen demand, BOD）來定量。三價(jià) 鉻 進(jìn)入人體過多時(shí)，可對(duì)人體健康帶來危害，但三價(jià) 鉻 的 毒性 較小，而六價(jià) 鉻毒性 較大。有急性、慢性中毒之分。雖然對(duì)于未來二氧化碳的釋放量和大氣中二氧化碳的估計(jì)濃度尚有不同，但是到 2050年，二氧化碳濃度很
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