【正文】 holding a scornful,cold attitude towards the surroundings and acting like a rude strangeer in the family, she gets more disgust rather than sympathy from readers. There is always a sharp conflict between the spirit and the body for the figures in O?Connor?s short stories. In her story, The Life You Save May Be Your Own, a travelling workman with only one arm es to a farm who claims to be more concerned with the things in its spirit part than its object part. Hence, The woman who owns the farm offers to let him marry her deaf daughter, considering the good quality may enable him to take care of her daughter. Not until when the mother gives him the farm, her car, and seventeen dollars for the wedding trip did the workman finally agrees. He says, Lady, a man is divided into two parts, body and spirit. . . The body, lady, is like a house: it don39。 注意各級(jí)標(biāo)題大小寫(xiě)，確保目錄中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼與正文中的標(biāo)題、頁(yè)碼保持對(duì)應(yīng) B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 1 Introduction Flannery O39。 gothic art B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics iv 摘要 論佛蘭納里 ? 奧康納短篇小說(shuō)的哥特藝術(shù) xxxxxxxxxx 佛蘭納里除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫(xiě)過(guò)的研究成果。 日期填寫(xiě)定稿日期 5月 1 日 。該論文分析奧康納短篇小說(shuō)獨(dú)特的哥特藝術(shù)，解讀她筆下的 畸人形象，陰郁的南方背景，令人恐懼的故事情節(jié)，前面了解二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)南方崩潰的精神世界。 extraordinary portrait of images and fantastic plot that every story has a stereotyped ending. The great B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 5 influence of Gothic genre makes scholars realize that “Gothic novels have exerted significant influence on the literature of later generations and on every European literature. They have exerted great effect on the American literature, Hawtho rn and Allen Poe in particular” (Zhao 283). In the Romantic period, Zastrozzi (1810) by Percy Bysshe Shelley and Mary Shelley?s Frankenstein are publiclyknown Gothic novels. Charlotte Bront235。 violence and death is the eternal motif in O?Connor?s fictions. She once said that a good story should conprise a dramatic event and involves a particular person, thus “the qualities least indispensible in his personality” (Fitzgerald 114) will be revealed in such。 it is a matter of showing things” (Fitzgerald 93). I. Formaton of Gothic Genre The word “Gothic” has undergone many changes and expansions. In its earliest sense, it denotes the language and ethnic identity of the Goths, a savage tribute living in northeast border of Roman empire. Gothic style is prevenlent in the Middle Ages, one that is viewed as “Dark Age” for the ignorance of knowledge. Thus the word “gothic” contsins the meaning of “medieval” and”barbarous” in the eighteenth century. the word “Gothic” also refers to a unique style of architecture according to Hornby, a kind of architecture built in the style that was popular in Western Europe from the 12th century to the 16th centuries, and which has pointed arches, windows, and tall thin pillars and a novel written in the style popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening surroundings. (Hornby 883) The “Gothic”, in a literary sense, refers to a genre of literature involves poetry, fiction, drama and film, which is “full of depicts of murders and supernatural things to thrill readers” (Han 36), and “deals with the strange, mysterious, and supernatural designed to invoke suspense and terror in readers” (Zhao 283). The early gothic classics are only novels that still remains important in modern Gothic writing. It flourishes in the late eighteenth century and early ninteenth century. The first Gothic novel The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story, written by Horace Walpole, is B. A. Thesis of Shandong University of Finance and Economics 4 immensely successful among readers, making many of them afraid to go to bed at that time. It is the first attempt to find “a tale of amusing fiction upon the basis of the ancient romance of chivalry” (Walter 115) . what?s more, the novel was “an attempt to blend the two kinds of romance, the ancient and the modern” (Horace 19). The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story has occupied the pioneering e wide poplace in the history of gothic and an irreplaceable one in English Literature. The pularity of Gothic novel initiatives many followers. Among them, Ann Radcliff and Mathew Gregory Lewis are two most famous ones for their respective work The Mysteries of Udolpho and The Monk. In 1794, Ann Radcliffe publishes her most famous gothic novel, The Mysteries of Udolpho, which is noted for its poetic description of landscape. The Monk(1796) es out two years later which is renowed for appalling description of violence and sexuality. Another classic Gothic novel is The Italian written by Radcliffe in 1797, thus gothic genre is fully developed. The German critic, Wolfgang Kayser puts forward grotesque as a genre in his book The Grotesque Art and Literature, That the word “grotesque” applies to three different realmsthe creative process, the work of art itself, and its receptionis siginificant and appropriate as an indication that it has the makings of a basic esthetic catagery. (Kayser, 179) Kayser believes the nature of grotesque is “the astranged world” (184). The plots of Gothic novel are usually related to killing one?s life, villian, rape, devilhero, which is closely related to absurdity and abnormality. Philip Thompson views gothic as “a fundamentally ambivalent thing, as a violent clash of opposites” (Thompson 11). The rise of Gothic novels keeps a close tie with western culture and tradition. It not only worships ancient legends, myth and folktales, but also roots deeeply in Bible and Christain. It deals with dark emotions and extreme modes, always reveals the evil side of huamn beings. The settings in Gothic novels include castles, dark or hidden tunnels。奧康納是一位