【正文】 低碳發(fā)展不僅是政府或企業(yè)，相反，它需要所有利益相關(guān)者以及全社會的參與。政府應(yīng)采取綜合措施，為業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展提供一個寬松和有利的政策環(huán)境，為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造和提供更好的體制保障。中國應(yīng)制定一個長期的激勵機(jī)制和政策措施，有利于更加務(wù)實的節(jié)能，環(huán)保和氣候保護(hù)，均 衡發(fā)展框架的指導(dǎo)，實現(xiàn)在低碳過渡政府和業(yè)務(wù)水平。此外，在其他法律法規(guī)的立法進(jìn)程里，應(yīng)對氣候變化相關(guān)的條款應(yīng)被列入。這表明，不存在一個單一的，確 13 切的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和碳排放。它也需要時間來建立低碳技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品市場，尤其是現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)全球金融危機(jī)已經(jīng)觸及每個人努力時，沒有人能預(yù)計世界經(jīng)濟(jì)能否扭轉(zhuǎn)和恢復(fù)良好，雖然許多專家和學(xué)者舉行長期氣候變化的響應(yīng)，可以帶來新的機(jī)遇，以經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇（ stiglitz， 2020。對 于發(fā)展中國家，其經(jīng)濟(jì)仍然在快速增長的階段，他們的首要任務(wù)是發(fā)展，所以 他們的人均能源消費(fèi)量預(yù)計將繼續(xù)增長。 作為協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社 會發(fā)展的 一個基本的領(lǐng)域，保證低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的能源安全和應(yīng)對氣候變化，逐漸成為 越來越多的國家所需要的共識。 要制低碳會經(jīng)濟(jì) 背景、機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn) 如上所述，系統(tǒng)化的解決方案都需要應(yīng)對氣候變化，因全球氣候系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜性，以及其廣泛的社會覆蓋面和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。人類使用化石燃料排放的概率。根據(jù)大量的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)，在過去一個世紀(jì)全球平均地表溫度上升 （ IPCC， 2020 年 A， B， C， D）。 調(diào)查結(jié)果 ： 分析結(jié)果顯示，中國綠色和低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的過渡需要一個全面的解決方案和共同利益的方式，特別是對發(fā)展中國家，僅僅以緩解和適應(yīng)去對待作為唯一目標(biāo)是不足的，相反，技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵問題是需要一個對低碳未來具體的規(guī)劃圖，體制安排和分擔(dān)在全球氣候制度方面的費(fèi)用。 though the precipitation has not changed too much, its interdecadal variations and regional disparity have been big. In the last 50 years, there have also been major changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events (Editorial Board of China’s National Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2020). The IPCC (2020a, b, c, d) integrated assessment shows that since 1750, human activities have been a major cause of global warming, while in the last 50 years, most of the global warming is the consequence of human activities, with a probability of more than 90 per cent, in particular from the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions due to the human use of fossil fuels. It is forecast that before the end of the twenty?rst century, global warming will continue, and how much the temperature will rise depends on what actions humans will take. According the Third Working Group Report of the IPCC fourth Assessment (IPCC, 2020a, b, c, d), human actions to mitigate climate change are feasible, both economically and technologically. Actions to deploy key mitigation technologies in various sectors, adopting policy and administrative interference and shifting the development pathway could all contribute greatly to mitigation of climate change. With China being the world’s largest CO2emitter, China faces increasing pressure to reduce its emissions. Being a responsible country, China will take actions to tackle climate change. When developing its mitigation target, China will consider such factors as level of 3 development, technology knowhow, social impact, international image and a new international climate regime underpinned by fairness and effectiveness. China will move into a winwin development path to achieve climate protection, quality economic development and other related policy targets. To develop LC economy – background, opportunities and challenges As illustrated above, systematic solutions are required to tackle climate change, due to the plexity of the global climate system as well as its coverage of broad social and economic issues. After nearly two decades’ exploration, human society has realized that in order to effectively mitigate and adapt to climate change, we have to fundamentally reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, which means that we have to achieve the shift to a LC future from the way we produce and consume to how global assets are allocated (including industries, technology, capitals and resources) and how they are transferred. From the perspective of the limited storage capacity of GHGs in the climate system as a global public good, both a high level of human wisdom and a new international climate regime to deal with market failure are required, which also demands the participation of all stakeholders and together they shall charter a new development pathway. Human society has to pay the economic prices to solve climate warming. Thus, the three ?exible “mechanisms” in the Kyoto Protocol ( joint implementation, emissions trading and clean development mechanism) demonstrate a meaningful experiment for the Annex I countries to decrease their emissions reduction costs. What is needed is to move forward from where we are now to explore a more universally applicable mechanism that would effectively allocate the resources among the key responsible stakeholders. The LC development path embodies an integrated solution strategy. It aims to build up a LC society through LC economic development, tries to achieve the restructuring of all the key elements discussed above and offers new opportunities for human society in response to climate change through collaborations. As a fundamental venue to coordinate social and economic development, guarantee energy security and respond to climate change, development of LC economy is gradually gaining the needed consensus from more and more countries. Though without a ?xed academic de?nition, the core of developing a LC economy is to establish a development pathway that has highenergy 4 ef?ciency, lowenergy consumption and low emissions. Under a fair and effective international climate