【正文】
圖 所示為機(jī)械式固定布置方式,它包括了硬質(zhì)合金刀尖、斷屑槽、襯墊、卡裝螺桿 (帶有墊圈和螺母 )及刀桿。與一般采用縱向進(jìn)給的車削作業(yè)相反,那些側(cè)表面通過(guò)采用橫向進(jìn)給產(chǎn)生。 車床切削刀具 車床刀具的形狀和幾何參數(shù)取決于它們的使用目的。 當(dāng)開動(dòng)特定操作桿時(shí),剖分螺母夾在一起作為單個(gè)螺母與旋轉(zhuǎn)的絲桿嚙合,并帶動(dòng)拖板沿著床身提供進(jìn)給。套筒軸開口端的孔是錐形的,能安裝車床頂尖或諸如麻花鉆和鏜桿之類的工具。如果采取連續(xù)生產(chǎn),棒料能通過(guò) 此孔進(jìn)給。為減振它一般由灰鑄鐵或球墨鑄鐵鑄造而成。這些特性可以通過(guò)普通車床這一最常用的代表性類型來(lái)最好地說(shuō)明。齒輪箱的功能是給主軸提供若干不同的速度 (通常是 6 到 18速 )。尾架體為一能橫向運(yùn)動(dòng)的鑄件,它可以調(diào)整尾 架軸線與主軸箱軸線成一直線。 在 切削螺旋時(shí),動(dòng)力通過(guò)絲桿提供給溜板箱上的齒輪箱。它與光桿和絲桿連接,能容易并快速地通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單轉(zhuǎn)換適當(dāng)?shù)?操作桿選擇各種進(jìn)給。粗車刀具按其進(jìn)給方向可以是右手型的或是左手型的。 成形刀具: 成 形刀具有專門制成特定形狀的刀刃,這種刀刃形狀與被加工工件所需外形正好相反。根據(jù)將刀尖裝配在刀桿上是通過(guò)用銅焊還是機(jī)械卡裝,刀尖可以是實(shí)心的或是帶有中心通孔的。同時(shí),這些刀具的平面角必須始終與螺紋形狀的平面角保持一致。粗車刀具刀尖半徑較小,用于深切削。 蝸輪用鍵連接在光桿上,并與溜板箱一起沿光桿運(yùn)動(dòng),光桿全長(zhǎng)范圍開有鍵槽。它實(shí)際上是一由車床床身 V 形導(dǎo)軌引導(dǎo)的、能在車床床身主軸箱和尾架之間滑動(dòng)的 H 形滑塊。 尾架: 尾架總成基本包括三部分,底座、尾架體和套筒軸。 主軸箱: 主軸箱固定在車床床身的左側(cè),它包括軸線平行于導(dǎo)軌的主軸。The Lathe and Its Construction(原文 ) From Mechanical Engineering English A lathe is a machine tool used primarily for producing surfaces of revolution and flat on their purpose, construction, number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted, and degree of automation, lathesor, more accurately, lathetype machine tools can be classified as follows: (1)Engine lathes (2)Toolroom lathes (3)Turret lathes (4)Vertical turning and boring mills (5)Automatic lathes (6)Specialpurposelathes In spite of that diversity of lathetype machine tools, they all have mon features with respect to construction and principle of operation. These features can best be illustrated by considering the monly used representative type, the engine lathe. Following is a description of each of the main elements of an engine lathe, which is shown in . Lathe bed. The lathe bed is the main frame, involving a horizontal beam on two vertical supports. It is usually made of grey or nodular cast iron to damp vibrations and is made by casting. It has guideways to allow the carriage to slide easily lengthwise. The h