【正文】
With the rapid development of puter technology, the traditional beginning of a fundamental change manufacturing, the industrial developed countries spent huge sums of money on the modern manufacturing technology research and development, to create a new model. In modern manufacturing systems, CNC technology is the key to technology, which bines microelectronics, puters, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control, such as the integration of advanced, a highprecision, highefficiency, flexible automation, and other characteristics, the manufacturing industry Flexible automation, integrated, intelligent play the pivotal role. At present, NC technology is undergoing a fundamental change, from a special closedloop control mode to generalpurpose realtime dynamic open all closedloop control mode. In the integrated on the basis of the CNC systems ultrathin, ultralight。 group control system flexibility, with a control system pursuant to the requirements of different production processes, materials flow and information flow automatically dynamically adjusted to maximize their group control system performance. (3) Process of posite and multiaxis to reduce the process time for the main purpose of supporting the posite processing, and are moving towards multiaxis, multifunction control of the direction of series development. NC Machine Tool Technology posite refers to the workpiece in a single machine on a fixture, through an automatic tool change, rotating spindle head or turntable, and other measures to acplish multiple processes, multisurface machining pound. Axis CNC technology, Siemens 880axis control system for up to 24 axes. (4) Realtime Intelligent early for the realtime system is usually relatively simple ideal environment, and its role is to scheduling tasks, to ensure that the task be pleted within a specified time limit. And artificial intelligence is used to model the realization of mankind39。在集成化基礎(chǔ)上,數(shù)控 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了超薄型、超小型化;在智能化基礎(chǔ)上,綜合了計(jì)算機(jī)、多媒體、模糊控制、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等多學(xué)科技術(shù),數(shù)控系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了高速、高精、高效控制,加工過程中可以自動(dòng)修正、調(diào)節(jié)與補(bǔ)償各項(xiàng)參數(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了在線診斷和智能化故障處理;在網(wǎng)絡(luò)化基礎(chǔ)上, CAD/CAM與數(shù)控系統(tǒng)集成為一體,機(jī)床聯(lián)網(wǎng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了中央集中控制的群控加工。在復(fù)雜環(huán)境以及多變條件下,加工過程中的刀具組合、工件材料、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速率、刀具軌跡、切削深度、步長、加工余量等加工參數(shù),無法在現(xiàn)場環(huán)境下根據(jù)外部干擾和隨機(jī)因素實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整,更無法通過反饋控制環(huán)節(jié)隨機(jī)修正CAD/CAM中的設(shè)定量,因而影響 CNC的工作效率和產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量。 (2)柔性化 包含兩方面:數(shù)控系統(tǒng)本身的柔性,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì),功能覆蓋面大,可裁剪性強(qiáng),便于滿足不同用戶的需求;群控系統(tǒng)的柔性,同一群控系統(tǒng)能依據(jù)不同生產(chǎn)流程的要求,使物料流和信息流自動(dòng)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整 ,從而最大限度地發(fā)揮群控系統(tǒng)的效能。 (4)實(shí)時(shí)智能化 早期的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)通常針對(duì)相對(duì)簡單的理想環(huán)境,其作用是如何調(diào)度任務(wù),以確保任務(wù)在規(guī)定期限內(nèi)完成。例如在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中配備編程專家系統(tǒng)、故障診斷專家系統(tǒng)、參數(shù)自動(dòng)設(shè)定和刀具自動(dòng)管理及補(bǔ)償?shù)茸赃m應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng),在高速加工時(shí)的綜合運(yùn)動(dòng)控制中引入提前預(yù)測和預(yù)算功能、動(dòng)態(tài)前饋功能,在壓力、溫度、位置、速度控制等方面采用模糊控制,使數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制 性能大大提高,從而達(dá)到最佳控制的目的。圖形用戶界面極大地方便了非專業(yè)用戶的使用,人們可以通過窗口和菜單進(jìn)行操作,便于藍(lán)圖編程和快速 編程、三維彩色立體動(dòng)態(tài)圖形顯示、圖形模擬、圖形動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤和仿真、不同方向的視圖和局部顯示比例縮放功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 (3)插補(bǔ)和補(bǔ)償方式多樣化 多種插補(bǔ)方式如直線插補(bǔ)、圓弧插補(bǔ)、圓柱插補(bǔ)、空間橢圓曲面插補(bǔ)、螺紋插補(bǔ)、極坐標(biāo)插補(bǔ)、 2D+2螺旋插補(bǔ)、 NANO插補(bǔ)、 NURBS插補(bǔ) (非均勻有理 B樣條插補(bǔ) )、樣條插補(bǔ) (A、 B、 C樣條 )、多項(xiàng)式插補(bǔ)等。 (5)多媒體技術(shù)應(yīng)用 多媒體技術(shù)集計(jì)算機(jī)、聲像和通信技術(shù)于一體,使計(jì)算機(jī)具有綜合處理聲音、文字、圖像和視頻信息的能力。平板顯示器具有科技含量高、重量輕、體積小、功耗低、便于攜帶等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可實(shí)現(xiàn)超大尺寸顯示,成為和 CRT抗衡的新興顯示技術(shù),是 21世紀(jì)顯示技術(shù)的主流。根據(jù)不同 的功能需求,將基本模塊,如 CPU、存儲(chǔ)器、位置伺服、 PLC、輸入輸出接口、通訊等模塊,作成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的系列化產(chǎn)品,通過積木方式進(jìn)行功能裁剪和模塊數(shù)量的增減,構(gòu)成不同檔次的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。閉環(huán)控 制模式是針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)僅有的專用型單機(jī)封閉式開環(huán)控制模式提出的