多囊性腎臟病變ppt課件-預覽頁
【正文】 , such as:,● obstetric history of the mother ● prenatal history and fetal ultrasonography ● family history information ● clinical examination of the child ● radiology of patient and parents ● laboratory data, for example DNA ● pathology if a biopsy is taken or from any other family members that may have had a biopsy or nephrectomy in the past.,Ultrasound is still the imaging modality of choice in children, and the findings on ultrasound will direct further imaging as required. The ultrasound approach to any cystic renal disease in children must include observations about the following, which should be carefully stated in the ultrasound report.,● unilateral or bilateral renal cysts (bilateral involvement is more common in the genetically inherited conditions) ● size of the kidneys—are they large or small? ● localization to one part of the kidney or diffuse involvement of the whole kidney. Is there a capsule around the cysts? ● extrarenal cysts, in particular in the liver or pancreas ● liver size and hepatic parenchyma appearance ● presence of a large spleen and portal hypertension.,Renal cysts are common and may be hereditary,developmental or acquired. The classification of cystic renal disease varies according to the perspective from which it is written, and despite a vast amount of literature on the subject, there is still no generally accepted classification in existence. The early Potter classification is of limited value for clinical practice because not all types represent clinical entities.,The following classification is by no means all inclusive but aims to emphasize the important clinical cystic disorders likely to be encountered by the sonographer. Broadly speaking, cystic disease of the kidneys can be divided into two groups genetic disease and nongenetic disease:,● Genetic disease —autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) —autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) —juvenile nephronophthisis and medullary cystic disease complex —glomerulocystic kidney disease —cysts with multiple malformation syndr
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