【正文】 rifytranscription subscription prescription descriptionattribute contribute distribute tributeattitude altitude aptitudedescriptive prescriptiveinterference interruption intervention interactiontransaction transmission transformation transitioncontact intactpossibility validity reliability securityconceivable perceivable arise rise raise arouserespectful respectable respected respectivedetain attain retain certain containroom doom boom loomintense intentional intensive intending intendedassure ensure insure reassuresometimes some time sometime some timeshatch catch patch match bare rare care dare fare harebanish vanish diminish admonishdurability flexibility versatility 5 hostility fold includegold cooperate hold form coordinate mold deform correlate sold inform correspond told transformconform observe migrantreserve immigrant contempt conserve immigrate attempt preserve immigration prompt deserve emigrantemigrate except prior emigration accept superior concept inferior edge percept senior hedgejunior wedge receivepledge deceive sparrowconceive swallow deduce perceive hollow reducesorrow produce achieve narrow induce believe pillow seduce grieverelieve bold precludecold exclude 自測(cè)題：，試一試你的記憶力。）Hinder: make it difficult for do for develop High invest rates will hinder economic :(formal)prevent make Age alone will not preclude him from standing as a :(officially)prevent leaving some place（拘留；扣押）Delay wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留?。〩e was detained by a flat tire on his way police detained the man to make further :(formal)to delay the development of to make more slowly than expected.（妨礙；推遲）Cold weather retards the growth of many roads retard the car（失修的公路阻滯了車(chē)速。s stay for some weeks 多呆了幾個(gè)星期 Postpone: change an event, action to a later time or date Gail and Lisa have decided to postpone having a family for a match had to be : arrange that a planned activity or event will not now football game had been cancelled due to : wait until a later time to do 39。s death accident / illness / injures Deadly : like dead in appearance face has a deadly palenesslikely to cause death person lethal: causing death, or having the power to cause death lethal dose of a drugImaginative: new and interesting idea used in a clever way。not having people inside。stop showing any images Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and available for use Vacant job, position → empty and available for start with Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not having any decoration。wake things and prices move upwards on their own, they or government raise / increase the government is raising the 尊重別人的；有禮貌的 Respectable 值得人們尊重的；正派的 Respected 受到人們尊重的 Respective 各自的；各個(gè)的detain:(officially)prevent leaving some place（拘留；扣押）Delay wants to leave, by talking to them, asking them to do sth.（耽擱；留住）Attain: succeed in reaching a particular level or in getting trying for a long : keep continue to have a sense of dignity Certain: 一定 Contain: 容納Room房間 Doom 厄運(yùn)；毀滅；定罪 Boom 高潮，迅速發(fā)展 Loom 織布機(jī)Intense 強(qiáng)烈的Intentional 有意的；故意的 Intensive 精細(xì)的；強(qiáng)化的 Intending 打算；意欲 intendedassure : tell definitely .~ …be ~ed of: feel certain that happen ensure: make sure that it does happen() ensure that the lights are switched off before leaving the can be used in this meaning, but it mainly used in : success, band39。因此，掌握好這批詞匯直接關(guān)系到能否通過(guò)博士生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞匯部分的考試。在具備認(rèn)知能力的基礎(chǔ)上，考生還需掌握這些詞匯的基本用法。以下是按照上面三種情況出現(xiàn)的詞匯題： diplomatic relations between the two countries have away out off up Constitution also provides that the organ of state must practice democratic a result, they had to ___ answering their letter by three 第一句表示“外交關(guān)系終止”需用動(dòng)詞詞組“break off“。考生在平時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，可以有意識(shí)地按照以上三點(diǎn)記憶動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在5500詞匯中類(lèi)似動(dòng)詞較多，以下僅舉部分例子：動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 bear忍受 bore borne，born bend彎曲 bent bent bid 表示 bade, bid bidden bid breed 繁殖 bred bred abide 遵守abode，abided abode，abided arise 升起 arose arisen awake喚醒 awoke woke, awaken fling 扔，拋 flung flung forbid禁止 forbade, forbad forbidden freeze 結(jié)冰 froze frozen shred 撕碎shredded, shred shredded，shred cast 投，擲 cast cast creep 爬 crept crept dwell 留居dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelled ，詞義不同: 有些動(dòng)詞在詞形上相似，但其詞義是不同的。He insisted on going to the hospital 。這類(lèi)常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：anticipate avoid delay envy escape miss mind risk band enjoy plete imagine consider deny practice acknowledge appreciate favor facilitate postpone quit resent resume include favor deny 例：He will consider giving us a chance to do the permit : 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，還有一些動(dòng)詞的后面只能使用不定式。下面分組做一簡(jiǎn)單的介紹： 1)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配: call for 要求,需要 call off取消，放棄 carry off 奪取,奪去 e by得到，獲得 e up to達(dá)到,符合cut down削減,降低 break down損害,分解 break off終止,中斷 break out逃出,爆發(fā) break through突破，突圍 bring about 產(chǎn)生,引起 bring forward 提出，提議 drop off 減弱, 減少 drop out退出, 離隊(duì)get over克服 give away泄漏 get across使人了解 get at夠得著 2)動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配arrive at a conclusion 得出結(jié)論 take in to consideration考慮到 mit a crime 犯罪 make a decision 決定reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議 break one39。在學(xué)習(xí)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)注意名詞的一些特點(diǎn)。如：ance importance(重要性)ence independence(獨(dú)立)ion selection(選擇)ition addition(增加)sion conclusion(結(jié)論)ation hydration(水化)ity productivity(生產(chǎn)力)ment movement(運(yùn)動(dòng))ship hardship(艱難)ness weariness(厭倦)y difficulty(困難)表示“??人”、“??者”的后綴，除了er、or、ar、ee、eer、ese、ess等大家熟悉的以外，還有：ian musician(音樂(lè)家)ain captain(船長(zhǎng))ant occupant(居住者)ent dependent(依賴(lài)他人者)ary secretary(書(shū)記，秘書(shū))yer lawyer(律師)sawyer(鋸木工)ate candidate(候選人)al rival(對(duì)手)ist socialist(社會(huì)主義者)icist physicist(物理學(xué)家)表示地點(diǎn)、處所的有：age orphanage(孤兒院)ium auditorium(禮堂)ary granary(谷倉(cāng))ery surgery(手術(shù)室)ory laboratory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室)表示科技學(xué)科名稱(chēng)及觀測(cè)試驗(yàn)方法或技術(shù)的有：graphy seismography(地震測(cè)量法)ic logic(邏輯學(xué))ics electronics(電子學(xué))logy zoology(動(dòng)物學(xué))在認(rèn)知名詞時(shí)，也切忌望文生義。改y為i+es，在o后加es或s，改f為v+es，大家都已熟知。1)來(lái)自拉丁語(yǔ)的： stratum／strata(地層)larva／larvae(昆蟲(chóng)的幼蟲(chóng))stimulus／stimuli(刺激)bacterium／bacteria(細(xì)菌)2)來(lái)自希臘語(yǔ)的：analysis／analyses(分析)hypothesis／hypotheses(假設(shè))synopsis／synopses(概要, 大意)thesis／theses(論文，論題)criterion／criteria(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))phenomenon／phenomena(現(xiàn)象)(3)一些外來(lái)詞兼有原有復(fù)數(shù)形式和英語(yǔ)規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。colour顏色 colours顏色／軍旗 lett