【正文】 ape, permit, forbid等。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, can39。重慶卷33) remind 例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.(2011：例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, immediately rushed home from his office.(2011ing形式或過去分詞作定語時，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。More highways have been built in China, ______ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011，若主語中有行為動詞do 的某一形式時，不定式的to可有可無。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights .“with+名詞/代詞+名詞”。ing分詞”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式和賓語是被動關(guān)系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。非謂語動詞做狀語盲點三：to do 做目的狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞(ving)做狀語的區(qū)別 解題支招 ： to do 做目的狀語不能用逗號和前面隔開。（１）Given more help, the project will be pleted : If we are given more help, the project will be pleted earlier.(狀語從句)Given more help, we will plete the project earlier.（調(diào)整主語）Broken his leg, he couldn’t go to : His leg broken, he couldn’t go to school.（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）He couldn’t go to school with his leg broken.（with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）不定式常作目的狀語，分詞常作其他狀語，它們的邏輯主語必須與句子主語保持一致。not doing。（ving）和完成式（having done）用法區(qū)別方法一：判斷分詞動作和主句動作發(fā)生的前后順序 方法二：狀語從句還原法 +to do 做結(jié)果狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞（ving）做結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別。not doing?！眗ise升起來和see看到這兩個動作是同時發(fā)生的，因此選擇現(xiàn)在進行的形式表示非謂語動詞動作和謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生?！眏oin是及物動詞，但空格后沒有賓語，故使用join的過去分詞形式，充當表示狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)的形容詞用，選項A、B、D都是主動式，需要后接賓語，因此排除?！盇和B項是謂語動詞形式，句中沒有連詞，故排除；C項是作目的狀語，而句中是伴隨狀態(tài)，故選D。for引出的邏輯主語the figures與update存在著被動關(guān)系，故選A?！盇項to keep是表示將來。【解析】句意為“旅客只可以隨身攜帶一件行李登機?！眛he sentence與translate之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，答案B?！?011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the riginal fun opened opened 【答案】A 【考點】考查非謂語動詞?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤癏arrison Ford被認為是為數(shù)不多的曾經(jīng)做過木匠的電影明星之一。完成課堂尚未完成的練習(xí)。having done（完成式）。being done（被動式）。下面分別對三種非謂語動詞進行講解： 一．動詞不定式先看幾個例句，判斷不定式在句中的成分。agree to object to close to , e to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2． 帶to 還是不帶toI have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）3． 動詞不定式邏輯主語是由for 作為標記的。want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定語，應(yīng)注意兩種關(guān)系： 1）動賓關(guān)系：He has a lot of meeting to lend me something to write is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on is no time to think(about).2）主謂關(guān)系：She is always the last(person)to speak at the ’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(邏輯主語是I)Thank I have no letters to be posted now(邏輯主語不是I)7．不定式作狀語，可以有以下幾種意義： 1）原因He is lucky to get here on ：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2)目的He came to help me with my )結(jié)果I hurried to get there only to find him book is too hard for the boy to is old enough to go to I saw him play in the street just 的不定式作補足語的動詞有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 當這些詞為被動式時，不定式要帶to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just ．動名詞Learning English is very 。Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall ，你很快就會入睡。 is a moving 。應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：1．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has bee a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has bee a is a developing country and America is a developed ．分詞作表語 The news sounds got very ）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： The news is is interested in he news 作表語，主語與表語是主謂關(guān)系 ；done 作表語，主語與表語是動賓關(guān)系。 learn。disappeared。correct scolded。are。say regard。killing。往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補足語之后，而用 it作形式賓語．例如：He wanted to go．I find it interesting to study work with )作賓語補足語．例如：He asked me to do the work with ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等詞后的補足語中，不定式不帶 to．但是這些句子如果變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶 to．例如I often hear him sing the song．He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式動詞在介詞 but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞 do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶 to，否則要帶 to．如：She could do nothing but do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定語．例如：I have some books for you to read． 注①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞．例如：He is looking for a room to live in．There is nothing to worry about．Please give me a knife to cut with．但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去．例如：He had no money and no place to ②當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態(tài)，也可用被動語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同．試比較：A)Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎?(不走式 to send的動作執(zhí)行者是 you)B)Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?(不定式 to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)5)作狀語，表示目的、原因、結(jié)果或條件．例如：I came here to see you．(目的)We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(結(jié)果)To look at him, you would like him．(條件)目的狀語還可以用 in order to或 so as to來表示．如：In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．We ran all the way so as not to be late．不定式也可在作表語用的形容詞后面作狀語．例如：I am very glad to hear it．The question is difficult to answer．“ too十形容詞或副詞十不定式”作狀語．例如：He is too old to do that．另外句子中有 enough這個詞時，常用不定式作狀語．例如：The room is big enough to hold us．6)作表語．例如：My job is to help the patient．7)作獨立成分．例如：To tell the truth，I don’t agree with )不定式與疑問詞 who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等．例如：He didn’t know what to say.(賓語)How to solve the problem is very important．(主語)My question is when to start.(表語)注意：在與 why連用時，只用于 why或 why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶 : Why not have a rest?9)不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式。在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和定語．1)作主語．例如: Seeing is eggs is the ant queen’s fulltime is no use arguing with ：動名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動名詞作主語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作．例如：Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具體動作)但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless等后必需用動名詞。 t allow students to ④動詞 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟動詞作它的賓語時，必須用動名詞，或不定式的被動式．這