【正文】 system has a munication rate no less than 100 Kbps, and can support the application of pointtopoint, pointtomultipoint and work relay station. The system does not suffer from the effect of weather , and meets the need of allweathered 24hours work of dam project . 2 Key problem and solution of the system design 1) RealTime supervision of rolled parameters. Parameters of the roller paction mainly refers to movement track, velocity, rolled times of the roller paction machines for mobile terminals, which need real time supervision, and can be used to control construction quality. Therefore, in order to ensure the realtime feedback of positioning data, the wireless munication data links need to achieve the function of pointtomultipoint and bidirectional high munication rate. The optimal design for solving the problem is to choose the mode of radio or GSM mobile phone. Taking account of the economy and practice ability, the system adopts wireless frequency augmented munication technology , achieves transmitting GPS differential data of the reference station realtimely to each mobile terminal, feeding back the three dimensional spatial location information of each mobile terminal realtimely to supervisory center and supporting position results at interval of one second. T his way,not only the system of each roller paction machine can reflect its own status o f on the display screen, but also the supervisory center and locale subsupervisory station can supervise the working status of each mobile terminal realtimely. 2) Precision of observation data. The precision of GPS RTK is cmlevel in general, considering that the distance between the mobile terminals of Shuibuya project and GPS reference station does not exceed 3 km, its horizontal positioning precision fully meets calculation precision needs of the movement track, velocity and rolled times of the roller paction machines. In order to ensure the elevation precision of thickness and roughness of filling layer, besides choosing high perform ance and antinoise dualfrequency GPS receivers, adopting proper method for acqui ring three elevations data of before filling, after filling and after paction and elev ation fitted model, can make the elevation accuracy increase. By analysis, the elevate ion precision can achieve177。 2) Wireless work data munication system。 quality control。 filling construction。cisi on ing to meter level, centimeter level, even submillimeter level, therefore, expands the fields of application and effect in every walk of life. The fast development and improvement of modern data munication technology, puter technology, electrical technology and the spatial positioning technology on behalf of GPS make supervision of high precision realtime continuity and automation feasible. According to the requirements o f construction quality management for roller paction in filling engineering, by means of the global satellite positioning technology, the wireless data munication technology, the puter technology and the data processing and analysis technology,and integrating with the roller p action machine, in 2021 Wuhan University and Qing jiang Hydroelectric Develop ment Corp. Ltd. Jointly developed a realtime supervisory system suitable for the quality management needs of roller pact ion in filling engineering, i. e. realtime supervisory system of filling construction quality( GPS system for short afterwards) . The system has prehensive functions of realtime, high precision, continuity, automation etc. , so can be applied to realtime supervising construct ion quality of filling paction for dam, road, protection dike, airport etc. and bees an effective assistant of ensuring the construction quality for project . Combining with engineering needs and system characteristics, the position, key techniques and schemes of the system are discussed in this paper. The height accuracy of the system is analyzed and the preliminary application is introduced. 1 Composition and characteristics of GPS Realtime supervisory system 1. 1 Composition of the system Hardware unit of the system mainly includes 3 parts as follows: 1) Receiving system of GPS satellite signals。( 1 2) cm, which fully meets supervisory quality needs of horizontal position of the paction construction, and can efficiently supervise the movement track, velocity and rolled times of the roller paction machines. In regard to elevation, as long as the mobile terminals operate in a given way and rational elevation fitting model is adopted, the precision of the system also achieves 177。1. 37 cm, 177。 本篇論文討論了 GPS 系統(tǒng)的的組成和應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題和設(shè)計(jì)方案 ，還分析了 GPS 系統(tǒng)的高精度問題，并且對(duì) GPS 系統(tǒng)的初步應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了研究。 位于中國(guó)湖南省清江流域的水布埡混凝土面板石堆大壩，在所有相同類型的大壩中，以 233 米的高度排名世界第一。 作為一種全新的當(dāng)代空間衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航和位置定位系統(tǒng)， GPS 已經(jīng)在越來越多的領(lǐng)域逐漸代替了普通光學(xué)和電子測(cè)量?jī)x。 根據(jù)在灌裝工程中對(duì)于碾壓方面的工程質(zhì)量管理的要求，利用 GPS 技術(shù)、無線數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析技術(shù)，并結(jié)合碾壓機(jī)，在 2021 年，武漢大學(xué)和 清江水電開發(fā)責(zé)任有限總公司共同研發(fā)了一種在灌裝工 程中適于監(jiān)督碾壓方面質(zhì)量問題的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，也就是 填筑施工質(zhì)量 的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)（后來簡(jiǎn)稱為 GPS）。圖 1 是灌裝工程中工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的介紹。系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)的處理、分析、儲(chǔ)存等等也在監(jiān)控中心操作。 GPS 參考站 GPS 參考站為了利用差分 GPS 技術(shù)提高系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控精度而設(shè)置的。為了確保監(jiān)控精度，必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是 GPS 監(jiān)控站和施工區(qū)域之間的距離要少于 56 千米，并且這個(gè)距離控制要求要在實(shí)踐中滿足。移動(dòng)終端是像 GPS 移動(dòng)站似的移動(dòng)監(jiān)控裝備進(jìn)行 GPS 移動(dòng)觀測(cè)。碾壓機(jī)的操作者要檢核他或她的工作是否滿足顯示屏上的質(zhì)量需求。監(jiān)控車也向監(jiān)控中心反應(yīng)觀測(cè)結(jié)果。在真實(shí)意義上，數(shù)據(jù)通訊接收雙向的傳動(dòng)裝置。在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)，向移動(dòng)終端輸出參考站的差分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，向監(jiān)控中心反應(yīng)終端的位置信息，在監(jiān)控中心和移動(dòng)終端顯示所有碾壓機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和速度，儲(chǔ)存以及處理數(shù)據(jù)和成果分析。另外，移動(dòng)終端的設(shè)備是非常簡(jiǎn)單的，重量輕、尺寸小 并且容易安裝和卸載。關(guān)于高程，只要用給定的方式操作移動(dòng)終端且采用合理的擬合高程模型，系統(tǒng)的精度也能夠達(dá)到 177。網(wǎng)絡(luò)中繼站的應(yīng)用。因此，為了確保實(shí)時(shí)反應(yīng)點(diǎn)位數(shù)據(jù)，無通訊數(shù)據(jù)連接需要實(shí)現(xiàn)單點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)的功能以及雙向高通信率。 2)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的精度 一般 GPS RTK 的精度是厘米級(jí)，考慮到水布埡 工程 的移動(dòng)終端和 GPS參考站之間的距離不超過 3 千米，它的平面精度完全滿足碾壓機(jī)的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡、速度和滾次的計(jì)算精度的需要。 3)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性 因?yàn)楫?dāng)代面板石堆大壩的灌實(shí)施工進(jìn)行 24 小時(shí)全天候無破裂工作，而且許多碾壓機(jī)同時(shí)運(yùn)行，這就需要此系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控中心、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中繼站和各個(gè)移動(dòng)終端站長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn)定工作。 涉及到每一個(gè)移動(dòng)終端 ,它指的是 GPS 的 供電問題 ,無線電 發(fā)射和接收 ， 平板電腦和風(fēng)扇形式的散熱效果 等等。一組運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡列舉如圖 2（ 單位是米）。此方法是依賴于在區(qū)域中的任何點(diǎn)的高程是受周邊點(diǎn)的高程影響。首先是合理進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化，然后建立一個(gè) 1 m1 m 網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)表，長(zhǎng)度 32 米寬 11 米（省略圖表