【正文】 Services Operations Management Six Sigma Practices and Principles Supply Chain Planning Supply Chain Management Tools Decision Models for SC 。 製程 延遲 策略 ? Includes product redesign and process redesign ? Product redesign – Standardize across all markets ? Process redesign – Includes resequencing the subprocesses – Dye, cut and sew, vs cut, sew and dye 製程 延遲 策略 ? Three design principles – Design so it consists of independent modules that can be assembled into different forms of the product easily and inexpensively – Manufacturing processes consist of can be moved or rearranged easily for different distributionwork design – Supply work should ? supply the basic product to the facilities in a cost effective ? be flexible and responsive to take and deliver customers? orders HP個案 ? LaserJet printer – For Europe and North America markets – Differentiate product with builtin dedicated power supply of 110 and 220 volts as soon as production began in Japan – Standardize power supply for entire product family – Higher material cost, but lower total costs of manufacturing, stocking and delivery by 5% HP個案 ? DeskJet printer – Built in Singapore and distributed in Stuttgart, Germany for Europe market – Countryspecific external power supply that plugs in when setting up the printer – Differentiation was performed in Stuttgart – Higher manufacturing for factories to customize the printers, but lower total costs of manufacturing, shipping and inventory dropped by 5% 供應鏈與便捷性 ?電子商務與宅配 大榮個案 供應鏈與新鮮 ?臺灣地區(qū)冷凍冷藏產業(yè) – 每年約有 300億元的冷凍冷藏產業(yè)規(guī)模 ?低溫物流 – 保持新鮮食品及冷凍食品品質 – 從生產到消費過程均處於低溫狀態(tài) ? 「低溫控制技術」加工製造，低溫監(jiān)控下儲存，運輸配送和銷售 – 仰賴合乎放置低溫食品低溫標準冷凍冷藏設備 – 運送過程保持適當溫度，確保食品安全及品質 供應鏈與新鮮 低 溫 物 流中 心食 品 工 廠量 販 店貨 車 冷 凍 車漁林牧農冷 凍 車製 程 冷 凍 運 輸 冷 凍 儲 存 冷 凍 運 輸 冷 凍超 市便 利 商 店供應鏈與新鮮 食品分類 保存溫度 相關產品 簡分 鮮食品 18oC 三明治、便當、飯糰、涼麵 鮮食 冷藏食品 0~+7oC 生鮮蔬菜、果汁、乳飲料。由生產的規(guī)模經濟，減少行銷 、 存貨出清，以及生產的不確定性，降低成本 。 Logistics Management is that part of the Supply Chain Management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers39。 ? 洲際內經貿增加 – 經貿協(xié)定以提昇與保護經貿活動 。 ? 供應鏈 – 核心產品與周邊活動委外之結合為獲利策略 。 資料來源： Bowersox and Closs (1996) 物流管理 物流 (logistics)是透過資訊科技，對物料由最始原料一直到配送成品至最終消費者整體過程中所牽涉的 原料、半成品、成品的流通與儲存 ，以最有效益的計畫、執(zhí)行與控制，來滿足並符合消費者的需求。 一 年喬 山 健 康 科 技 股 份 有 限 公 司產 品 — 有 氧 健 身 器 材產 品 品 牌 名 稱 — M a t r i x 、 V i s i o n 、 H o r i z o n供應鏈與新產品快速推出 ? Traditional phase – price ? Stress phase – Acceptance of shortnotice requirements ? Resolved phase – JIT principles ? Partnership phase – Longterm perspective, exchange operating and financial information, share risks and joint investment in facilities Schary and SkjottLarsen 1995 供應鏈與新產品快速推出 ? Cluster production – Set up production units close to the customer?s assembly plant – A firsttier supplier to an assembler in one country must be able to supply the assembler in other parts of the world – Involved in development of new models in the earliest stage – Expected to be a technology leader, developing new technologies independently Schary and SkjottLarsen 1995 供應鏈與客製化 FedEx Case Study Customer Inter FedExNet Order Management System Call Center Supplier Component A Supplier Component B Component C FedEx EDC/Alliance Manufacturing Facility Build or configure Orders Express Delivery of Finished Product Web Orders Phone Orders Order Confirmation Advanced Shipping Notice Build/ConfiguretoOrder 製程 延遲 策略 ? 冒險策略 (Speculation, anticipatorybased) – 由預測來決定生產種類和數量，與延滯策略相反。 – 產品物流的延遲 (logistics) ? 不必要在下游，倉儲於上游供應鍊結構，避免成品需求變動再移轉成本 。 Manufacturing Strategy。 Strategic Management of the Enterprise 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！