美國文學(xué)-enlightenment-啟蒙時(shí)期-預(yù)覽頁
【正文】 and the capacity of human reason to clear away ancient superstition, prejudice, dogma and injustice. Enlightenment thinking encouraged rational scientific inquiry, humanitarian tolerance and the idea of universal human rights.n d. Its significance in America :n (1) It contributed to free the Americans from the limitations of Puritanism and stimulate them to strive for the establishment of their independence and democratic nation。n (5) In 1788, the Constitution was ratified and came into effect. It centralized the power of the central government。n 4. utilitarian tendency。 n central figure in the religious revival, “The Great Awakening”, which began in 1734 and lasted almost 15 years. n “The Great Awakening”： It was intended to the revive of Puritanism in New England after years of stillness and numbness due to the domination of Deism and rationality. But it irrevocably turn to decline with the social and economic development of the colonies.n Masterpiecen 1) “Personal Narrative” 《 自述 》 : n One of his best essays。n a natural philosopher。n His philosophical ideas are illustrated in his masterpiece, “Autobiography” : Puritanism and Enlightenment n As a statesmann He served as representative of the colonies in London for 18 years, protecting the their interests in the English court。 yet don39。n 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 . n Time is an herb that cures all diseases 。 吃飯是為了活著 , 活著不是為了吃飯 n Hunger never saw bad bread。n It was a typical embodiment of Puritanism and the Enlightenment: n Puritans: selfimprovement, selfanalysis, moral and ethical values。 n Tranquility 寧靜n 勿因瑣事或普通而不可避免的事件而煩腦。n (3) Literary style of “Autobiography”: (P46)n Clarity, concision, flexibility, and ordern (4) Comment on B. Franklin:n He stood as the epitome of the Enlightenment and as the versatile, practical embodiment of the rational man of the period. n He had an imparable and enduring influence upon generations of Americans in terms of morality, ethics, politics, language and other respects of living.n Summary of Edwards and Franklin:n American Puritanism is a two faceted tradition of religious idealism and levelheaded mon sense. Johnathan Edwards represents the former aspect, and Franklin the latter. Topics for discussionn 1. Make your ments on Benjamin Franklin.n 2. How do the 13 virtues in Franklin’s “Autobiography” embody the Puritanic spirit and enlightening value?n 3. Why is Ben Franklin considered the most important personality of the Age of Reason?3. Thomas Paine (17371809) (P3233)n Fight for the rights of mann Help to spur and inspire two greatest revolutions of his agen Masterpieces:n “Common Sense”: It justified and spurred the American RevolutionFamous sayings “The crisis of the North American colonies were then faced could only be solved by an appeal to man’s mon sense and instincts and to “the clear,uniform and irresistibly obeyed” impulses of conscience(良心 ).” Common Sense “Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil。 n b. “Poet of the American Revolution” a profound patriotism and love for American rural scene。sothishoney’d littlefoothere, NoaNature39。whiteshunplantedshade, Andmurmuringthydecliningn 3. shun: avoid。thosegrievefutureweregay. Theinfrosts, andleavethismorningdews Atbeingnothingdiesame。butduration n 大自然把你打扮得一身潔白， 她叫你避開庸俗鄙夷的目光： 她布置樹蔭將你遮擋， 又讓潺潺的溪水淌過你的身旁； 安靜的夏天在靜靜地流逝， 卻日見你萎蔫進(jìn)
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