新編簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程戴煒棟第1-3章課后練習(xí)題答案-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 lveolar, palatal, velar and glottal.5. What criteria are used to classify the English vowels?答： Vowels may be distinguished as front, central, and back according to which part of the tongue is held highest. To further distinguish members of each group, we need to apply another criterion, . the openness of the mouth. Accordingly, we classify the vowels into four groups: close vowels, semiclose vowels, semiopen vowels, and open vowels. A third criterion that is often used in the classification of vowels is the shape of the lips. In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unfounded vowels, i. e., without rounding the lips, and all the back vowels, with the exception of [a:], are rounded. It should be noted that some front vowels can be pronounced with rounded lips.6. A. Give the phonetic symbol for each of the following sound descriptions: 1) voiced palatal affricate 2) voiceless labiodental fricative 3) voiced alveolar stop 4) front, close, short 5) back, semiopen, long 6) voiceless bilabial stop B. Give the phonetic features of each of the following sounds: 1) [ t ] 2) [ l ] 3) [?] 4) [w] 5) [?] 6) [230。 this is because the consonant that follows it is [k], which is a velar stop. So we can see that while pronouncing the sound [n], we are “copying” a feature of the consonant that follows it.Deletion rule tells us when a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically represented. We have noticed that in the pronunciation of such words as sign, design, and paradigm, there is no [g] sound although it is represented in spelling by the letter g. But in their corresponding forms signature, designation, and paradigmatic, the [g] represented by the letter g is pronounced. The rule can be stated as: Delete a [g] when it occurs before a final nasal consonant. Given the rule, the phonemic representation of the stems in sign – signature, resign – resignation, phlegm – phlegmatic, paradigm – paradigmatic will include the phoneme /g/, which will be deleted according to the regular rule if no suffix is added.10. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?答： The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation, and tone. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. There are two kinds of stress: word stress and sentence stress. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun, to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged. Tones are pitch variations which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes. Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. When spoken in different tones, the same sequence of words may have different meanings.Chapter 3 MorphologyP401. Divide the following words into their separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next: a. microfile e. telemunication b. bedraggled f. forefather c. announcement g. psychophysicsd. predigestion h. mechanist答：a. micro + file b. be + draggle + ed c. announce + ment d. pre + digest + ion e. tele + municate + ion f. fore + father g. psycho + physics h. mechan + ist2. Think of three morpheme suffixes, give their meaning, and specify the types of stem they may be suffixed to. Give at least two examples of each. Model: or suffix: or meaning: the person or thing performing the action stem type: added to verbs examples: actor, “one who acts in stage plays, motion pictures, etc.” translator, “one who translates”答：(1) suffix: able meaning: something can be done or is possible stem type: added to verbs examples: acceptable, “can be accepted” respectable, “can be respected” (2) suffix: ly meaning: functional stem type: added to adjectives examples: freely. “adverbial form of ‘free’ ” quickly, “adverbial form o
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