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匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的測(cè)量和管理:在企業(yè)的問(wèn)題和方法-預(yù)覽頁(yè)

 

【正文】 aR). The main benefit of this method is that it does not assume a normal distribution of currency returns, as it is well documented that these returns are not normal but rather leptokurtic. Its shortings, however, are that this calculation requires a large database and is putationally intensive. The variance – covariance model assumes that (1) the change in the value of a firm’s total foreign exchange position is a linear bination of all the changes in the values of individual foreign exchange positions, so that also the total currency return is linearly dependent on all individual currency returns。 2. Translation risk, which is basically balance sheet exchange rate risk and relates exchange rate moves to the valuation of a foreign subsidiary and, in turn, to the consolidation of a foreign subsidiary to the parent pany’s balance sheet. Translation risk for a foreign subsidiary is usually measured by the exposure of assets (assets less liabilities) to potential exchange rate moves. In consolidating financial statements, the translation could be done either at the endoftheperiod exchange rate or at the average exchange rate of the period, depending on the accounting regulations affecting the parent pany. Thus, while ine statements are usually translated at the average exchange rate over the period, balance sheet exposures of foreign subsidiaries are often translated at the prevailing current exchange rate at the time of consolidation。本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 外 文 翻 譯 題 目 浙江外貿(mào)公司外匯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理問(wèn)題研究 專 業(yè) 財(cái) 務(wù) 管 理 原文: Exchange Rate Risk Measurement and Management: Issues and Approaches for Firms Abstract: Measuring and managing exchange rate risk exposure is important for reducing a firm39。 Madura, 1989): 1. Transaction risk, which is basically cash flow risk and deals with the effect of exchange rate moves on transactional account exposure related to receivables (export contracts), payables (import contracts) or repatriation of dividends. An exchange rate change in the currency of denomination of any such contract will result in a direct transaction exchange rate risk to the firm。 (2) the variancecovariance model, which assumes that currency returns on a firm’s total foreign exchange position are always (jointly) normally distributed and that the change in the value of the foreign exchange position is linearly dependent on all currency returns。 一、介紹 匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理是每家企業(yè)確定外幣敞口時(shí) 不可或缺的一部分 (Allayannis、Ihrig 和 Weston 2020)。 對(duì)于非金融企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理獨(dú)立于它們的核心業(yè)務(wù),通常由企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)。由于其貨幣敞口與以外幣表示的資產(chǎn)及負(fù)債的折算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān),因此,傾向于將貨幣視為一種獨(dú)立的資產(chǎn)類別,并且需要為此采用貨幣管理外包方法。本文也提供一些美國(guó)公司套期保值做法 的 數(shù)據(jù)。 第 四 部分 , 我們 提供一個(gè)在場(chǎng)外交易和交易所交易市場(chǎng)的主要 套期 工具的概述。還可定義為 (由未進(jìn)行套期的敞口導(dǎo)致 )企業(yè)現(xiàn)金流量、資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債、凈利潤(rùn)以及因匯率變動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的股票市值的可能的直接損失或間接損失。我們認(rèn)為 , 三種主要類型的匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 是 (Shapiro, 1996。在鞏固財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表方面 ,在期末還是在期間進(jìn)行折算,取決于影響母公司的會(huì)計(jì)章程。識(shí)別各種類型的貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn) ,連同他們的測(cè)量 ,必須建立一套貨幣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。 目前 ,廣泛使用的方法是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)價(jià)值 (VaR)模型。由于 VaR 模型不能反映置信水平 100%的最大損失,企業(yè)常常在 VaR 限制之外設(shè)定經(jīng)營(yíng)限制,比如名義金額或止損指令,已盡最大可能覆蓋風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(Papaioannou and Gatzonas, 2020)。 最后是表示 VaR 所用的貨幣單位。換句話說(shuō),企業(yè)應(yīng)預(yù)期在 100 個(gè)普通的交易日內(nèi),在其中的 99天,其外匯頭寸的價(jià)值將減少,但不會(huì)超過(guò) 1000萬(wàn)美元,或每 100個(gè)普通的交易日內(nèi),有 1天價(jià)值減少會(huì)超過(guò)1000 萬(wàn)美元。(3)蒙特卡洛模擬法,該方法假設(shè)未來(lái)的貨幣收益是隨機(jī)分布。這 種方法的主要好處是它并非假設(shè)貨幣收益成正態(tài)分布,而明確記錄了這些收益不是正態(tài)分布的,是曲線形。因此,在 99%的置信水平上,可計(jì)算出 : VaR= Vp(Mp+) 其中 , Vp 是外匯頭寸的初始價(jià)值 (以貨幣單位表示 ) Mp 是企業(yè)外匯頭寸合汁的貨幣收 益的平均值,等于各個(gè)外匯頭寸的加權(quán)平均 Sp 是企業(yè)總外匯頭寸貨幣收益的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)離差,等于利用方差一協(xié)方差法對(duì)各個(gè)外匯頭寸加權(quán)后轉(zhuǎn)換的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)離差 (請(qǐng)注意,后者包括各個(gè)外匯頭寸的相關(guān)性 )。相反,如果采用了非正態(tài)分布,因需進(jìn)一步估計(jì)大于 VaR 的損失的置信區(qū)間,可能會(huì)使計(jì)算成本增大。 出處 :邁克爾 .帕派農(nóng) ,《匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的測(cè)量與管理:在企業(yè)的問(wèn)題和方法》, 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織工作文件 , 2020: 17.
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