【正文】 reciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will e back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echosounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a paratively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other wellknown fish, by the pattern of its echo. It has been found that certain bats emit squeaks and by receiving the echoes, they can locate and steer clear of obstacles or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often pared with radar, the principle of which is similar. 參考譯文 動物發(fā)出的聲音不都是用作語言交際。固體障礙物越遠。任何固體者反射聲音，反射的聲音因物體的大小和性質(zhì)的不同而不同。 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些蝙蝠能發(fā)出尖叫聲，并能通過回聲來確定并躲開障礙物，或找到它們賴以為生的昆蟲。s okay before is hits the market in Europe. As it happens, a razor that is safe in Europe is unlikely to electrocute Americans. So, ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic, why have two lots of tests where one would do? Politicians agree, in principle, so America and the EU have been trying to reach a deal which would eliminate the need to doubletest many products. They hope to finish in time for a trade summit between America and the EU on May 28TH. Although negotiators are optimistic, the details are plex enough that they may be hardpressed to get a deal at all. Why? One difficulty is to construct the agreements. The Americans would happily reach one accord on standards for medical devices and them hammer out different pacts covering, say, electronic goods and drug manufacturing. The EU following fine continental traditions wants agreement on general principles, which could be applied to many types of products and perhaps extended to other countries. 參考譯文 布魯塞爾的官員說，在美國屠宰的雞不適于用來裝點歐洲的餐桌。一把符合歐洲聯(lián)盟安全標準的電動剃須刀必須得到美國檢測人員的認可，方可在美國市場上銷售；而美國制造的透析儀也要得到歐盟的首肯才能進入歐洲市場。 為什么呢？困難之一是起草這些協(xié)議。s little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to perate the camp of Guthrum, the mander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the selfconfidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial pared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their missariat had no anization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 參考譯文 阿爾弗雷德大帝曾親自充當間諜。 阿爾弗雷德人數(shù)不多的軍隊開始在阿塞爾納慢慢集結(jié)時，他親自潛入丹麥入侵司令官古瑟羅姆的營地。他們不僅搜刮吃的喝 的，而且搶掠婦女，安逸的生活已使丹麥軍隊變得軟弱無力。他的部隊不停地移動，牽著敵人的鼻子，讓他們跟著跑。 . Lesson 10 Silicon valley 硅谷 Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of puter science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office spawning a new generation of garage startups and giving the . a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. 39。We really thrive on anarchy.39。s tiny California pany reopened an AT amp。米德預言發(fā)明者可以在辦公室用一個周末的時間生產(chǎn)了完美的、功能很強的、按客戶需求設(shè)計的芯片 造就新一代從汽車間起 家的技術(shù)人員，在把產(chǎn)品推向市場方面使美國把它的外國對手們打個措手不及。硅谷許多公司中工程技術(shù)人員的大多數(shù)是東方人和亞裔美國人。印度出生的 .雷迪經(jīng)營的小小的加州公司在堪薩斯城重新啟用了美國電話電報公司的一家芯片工廠，并從密蘇里州獲取了財政上的支持。有理由害怕自己會死在戰(zhàn)場上的年輕人，想到自己被剝奪了生活所能給予的最美好的東西時，感到痛苦，這是可以理解的。然后河面漸漸地變寬，兩岸后撤，河水流得平緩起來，最后連綿不斷地匯入大海，毫無痛苦地失去了自我的存在。s account is in credit or is overdrawn. But, in addition to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer owe a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give in to problems and plications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot plain that the law is loaded against him. The bank must obey its customer39。s signature. For this reason there is no risk to the customer in the practice, adopted by banks, of printing the customer39。究竟誰是債務(wù)人誰是債權(quán)人，要看儲戶是有結(jié)余還是透支。 銀行必須遵照儲戶的囑托辦事，不能聽從其他人的指令。因此，某些銀行已采用把儲戶印在支票上的作法。但是，我們不必像開采其他礦藏那樣，把人送到地下去把石油取出。井架必須很高，因為它像一個巨型滑輪組。這種鉆頭能切割一段光滑的圓柱形巖石，從中能看出所鉆透的地層。我們要讓石油留在井下，直到我們能用一種有控制的方法把它引上來為止。對于小片的惡劣天氣 對一個全球性的氣象預報員來說， “小 ”可以意味著雷暴雨和暴風雪 任何預測的質(zhì)量會很快下降。假設(shè)地球上可以布滿傳感器，每個相隔 1 英尺，并按 1 英尺的間隔從地面一直排列到大氣層的頂端。正午時分，傳感器之間的距離會掩蓋計算機無法知道的波動、任何偏平均值的變