【正文】 程低碳化所謂的“低碳”就是低碳地排放，在制造業(yè)眼中是一個(gè)十分節(jié)能的設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)方法。工業(yè)級(jí)的3d打印機(jī)使用激光或者高溫的方法凝固粉狀聚合物與傳統(tǒng)的注塑機(jī)相比，廢棄的塑料材料多產(chǎn)生約65%，還有就是某些3d打印機(jī)是需要一種不能回收的材料，名叫熱固性聚合物，因此不是所有的3d打印機(jī)所用的都是無(wú)廢料可循環(huán)的。在生活中一個(gè)普通產(chǎn)品的生命周期都經(jīng)過漫長(zhǎng)而有曲折的供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)節(jié)，而這種全球化的供應(yīng)鏈所產(chǎn)生的污染或許比產(chǎn)生時(shí)候所產(chǎn)生的污染更為厲害。所以綜合以上所述3d打印機(jī)是合適制造體積小造價(jià)高昂的零部件，而且將會(huì)有效地降低供應(yīng)鏈和庫(kù)存的碳排放，然制造業(yè)走上低碳的路線。所以3d打印需要用其他綠色環(huán)保材料替代石油基塑料，一種名叫PLA（生物降解塑料聚酸乳）的材料，它是以谷物為基礎(chǔ)的水溶性熱塑性塑料，可以用作支撐材料，經(jīng)常用作為熔融擠壓成型技術(shù)的3d打印材料，還有一點(diǎn)水溶性特點(diǎn)，就是它用水清洗可以重復(fù)使用。那么以后的制造商要做的應(yīng)該是把注意力放在可再生材料上，同時(shí)應(yīng)該多想方設(shè)法將食物副產(chǎn)品、可循環(huán)利用的玻璃、等等廢棄產(chǎn)品運(yùn)用在3d打印技術(shù)上，將廢品回收，然后制造成可以于3d打印的材料，那么將會(huì)做到真正的綠色打印環(huán)保制造。但是這種快速成型的技術(shù)確確實(shí)實(shí)能減少規(guī)模生產(chǎn)流水線上的浪費(fèi)，在高速制作的流水線上，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)需要在哪個(gè)地方進(jìn)行修正，這時(shí)已經(jīng)可能生產(chǎn)了成千上萬(wàn)的錯(cuò)誤產(chǎn)品，而在3d打印里，設(shè)計(jì)師可以根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)文件打印一個(gè)實(shí)物出來進(jìn)行測(cè)試評(píng)估，才做出最后的確認(rèn)，那么對(duì)于制造商來說，就能減少批量生產(chǎn)出錯(cuò)品的機(jī)會(huì)了。第4章 3D打印給了制造業(yè)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 從一件起到規(guī)?；a(chǎn)如今的制造業(yè)的規(guī)?；a(chǎn)是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的頂梁柱，如果要在規(guī)?；a(chǎn)面前談創(chuàng)新就需要很大的勇氣了，在過去，制造企業(yè)要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新就意味著要大的投資，要生產(chǎn)一個(gè)小創(chuàng)意至少也要投入高昂的模具費(fèi)，那就需要商家考慮清楚他以后的銷量能否為初期的投資來埋單了，成為了創(chuàng)新的阻力。企業(yè)家們都可以先用3d打印打印出幾個(gè)樣本，然后通過市場(chǎng)的反應(yīng)來決定是否有規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的潛力，同樣也可以按照客戶的要求進(jìn)行修改，如果在市場(chǎng)上是收到了不錯(cuò)的效果，企業(yè)家們?cè)倏梢园磦鹘y(tǒng)的規(guī)模式生產(chǎn)或者加大3d打印的打印數(shù)量，然而這種低門檻的制造必定能有更多的創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品涌現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)著創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，對(duì)于整個(gè)制造業(yè)來說是一個(gè)革命性的突破。3d打印技術(shù)就能幫企業(yè)們走入定制市場(chǎng)，不斷地產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行測(cè)試修改，來適應(yīng)客戶的不同要求。3d打印給經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家?guī)淼膶?huì)是新的一種商業(yè)模式。這種新的定制化打印應(yīng)用程序?qū)?huì)是一種新的商業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)，但這種細(xì)分化市場(chǎng)業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)給小型的制造商提供了不少的機(jī)會(huì)。3d打印機(jī)很可能在將來成為不法分子的高科技犯罪工具，大膽一想，可能將來利用3d打印出來的槍不會(huì)是我們平常所認(rèn)識(shí)到的形狀，它可能會(huì)被設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)手機(jī)、手表等等殺人于無(wú)形的新型手槍，而制造這些手槍根本就不需要哪位廠家技術(shù)協(xié)作，偷偷的在家里已經(jīng)可以完成了。比如，一位自行車發(fā)燒友他通過3d打印技術(shù)制造出了一個(gè)剎車器，而這個(gè)剎車器也從來沒有經(jīng)過安全和質(zhì)量上的檢查，某一天他就用上了自己制造的剎車器，結(jié)果在自行車行駛中失靈從而發(fā)生了事故，從而我們可以看出這種危害性是隱形存在的，如果某天這位自行車發(fā)燒友還將他自己制造的剎車器批量生產(chǎn)后放上了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)售賣，那么這種無(wú)安全無(wú)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)過的剎車器就有可能危害了不少消費(fèi)者的騎車安全，當(dāng)事故發(fā)生以后所追究的責(zé)任也無(wú)從下手，到底是誰(shuí)該負(fù)上的責(zé)任？是制造剎車器的自行車發(fā)燒友？是原材料的供應(yīng)商？是3d打印機(jī)的制造商？是做出設(shè)計(jì)文件的人？還是為這剎車器做廣告的網(wǎng)站？這個(gè)我們都不得而知。比如，一位年輕人買回一雙運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋回來，然后通過3d打印一雙全新的運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋，從這單方面來看可能對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的制造商沒有太大的利益上損害，但如果每位擁有3d打印機(jī)的使用者都這樣制造其運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋，那么疊加起來的影響應(yīng)該是十分巨大的，在過往制造商可以對(duì)制造侵權(quán)的企業(yè)發(fā)生律師函，但現(xiàn)在制造商根本不可能逐一找出這些用3d打印技術(shù)打印運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋的3d打印使用者，畢竟3d打印機(jī)的使用可以是在離線狀態(tài)，要發(fā)現(xiàn)是否侵權(quán)也只能通過網(wǎng)上查看是否存在有其產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)文件，在發(fā)現(xiàn)以后對(duì)發(fā)布者進(jìn)去起訴并要求刪除，那么這種情況將會(huì)使制造商的維權(quán)之路變得更加的崎嶇。 同時(shí)在當(dāng)今商業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)模式的世界，門檻低、創(chuàng)新精神高、創(chuàng)新速度快，3d打印的出現(xiàn)，更加會(huì)讓發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的制造業(yè)不再受勞動(dòng)力成本的影響。最初的論文選題，得益于老師高屋建瓴的引導(dǎo)和啟發(fā)，是她知道我要從人們的生活出發(fā)，設(shè)計(jì)出對(duì)人們生活有意義的作品；中期的論文開題、撰寫，包括后期論文修改，都是由老師勞心勞力，不厭其煩，悉心為我答疑解惑，并提出寶貴的修改意見。 , April 28, 2006[3] An android based monitoring and alarm system for patients with chronic obtrusive disease . GregoryKoshmak , 2011[4] of IPTV’s location and IPTV World Forum 0608, 2006, London, UK.[5] 4ITUT，F(xiàn)G IPTVDOC0189[S]，Appendix network control aspects，2007[6] ShuXianhua，DuZhenjun，ChenRong．Research on Mobile Location Service Design Based on Android,Nice：IEEEXplore，2008．[7] JiangFan，KuShaoping．How to display the datafromdatabase by ListView of Android[C]．IEEE ConfISA2010，2010(EIindexed，Accepted)．[8] [N].計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)，2010[9] [D].電子科學(xué)及技術(shù)，2011[10] [D].請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝！?。any people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。Nestled close to the country39。Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. s misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。s Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A largescale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 14 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. As160