id控制的意義中英文翻譯資料-預覽頁
【正文】 e magnitude of the error, but now need to increase the differential item that can change the trend of forecast errors, In this way, with the proportion of + differential controller, it can advance to the role of inhibition of the control error is zero, even negative, thus avoiding the charged amount of serious overshoot. Therefore have greater inertia or lag the controlled object, proportional + derivative (PD) controller5, PID controller tuning Tuning PID controller is the core of the control system design. It is based on the characteristics of controlled process to determine the proportion of PID controller coefficients, integral time and derivative time, the size of the. PID controller tuning are many ways to sum up, there are two categories: First, tuning the theoretical calculation. It is mainly based on the mathematical model, through theoretical calculations to determine the controller parameters. This method the calculated data may not be directly used, it must adjust and revise engineering. Second, the tuning method works, it mainly relies on engineering experience, directly in the control experiments carried out, and the method is simple, easy to master, in engineering practice is widely used. PID controller parameter tuning method works, mainly the critical ratio, reaction curve and attenuation. Three methods have their own characteristics, their mon points are the experiment, and then follow the empirical formula works on the controller parameter tuning. But no matter which method used by the controller parameters are needed in the actual operation of the final adjustment and improvement. Now monly used is the critical ratio method. PID controller using the method parameter setting of the following steps: (1) first preselect a short enough sampling period of the system to work。智能控制的典型實例是模糊全自動洗衣機等。不同的控制系統(tǒng)，其傳感器、變送器、執(zhí)行機構是不一樣的。有利用PID控制實現(xiàn)的壓力、溫度、流量、液位控制器，能實現(xiàn)PID控制功能的可編程控制器(PLC)，還有可實現(xiàn)PID控制的PC系統(tǒng)等等。在這種控制系統(tǒng)中，不依賴將被控量反送回來以形成任何閉環(huán)回路。比如人就是一個具有負反饋的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)，眼睛便是傳感器，充當反饋，人體系統(tǒng)能通過不斷的修正最后作出各種正確的動作。穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差是指系統(tǒng)的響應進入穩(wěn)態(tài)后，系統(tǒng)的期望輸出與實際輸出之差。PID控制器問世至今已有近70年歷史，它以其結構簡單、穩(wěn)定性好、工作可靠、調整方便而成為工業(yè)控制的主要技術之一。PID控制器就是根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的誤差，利用比例、積分、微分計算出控制量進行控制的。積分（I）控制在積分控制中，控制器的輸出與輸入誤差信號的積分成正比關系。這樣，即便誤差很小，積分項也會隨著時間的增加而加大，它推動控制器的輸出增大使穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差進一步減小，直到等于零。其原因是由于存在有較大慣性組件（環(huán)節(jié)）或有滯后組件，具有抑制誤差的作用，其變化總是落后于誤差的變化。PID控制器的參數(shù)整定PID控制器的參數(shù)整定是控制系統(tǒng)設計的核心內(nèi)容。這種方法所得到的計算數(shù)據(jù)未必可以直接用，還必須通過工程實際進行調整和修改。但無論采用哪一種方法所得到的控制器參數(shù)，都需要在實際運行中進行最后調整與
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