【正文】 niversal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robodrivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, we can39。s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talentedand human perception far more plicatedthan previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced puter systems on Earth can39。s ability now is to design a robot that can [A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. [B] interact with human beings verbally. [C] have a little mon sense. [D] respond independently to a changing world. 49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also [A] make a few decisions for themselves. [B] deal with some errors with human intervention. [C] improve factory environments. [D] cultivate human creativity. 50. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are [A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure. [B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately. [C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information. [D] best used in a controlled environment. Text 3 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supplycuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This neartripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 197980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in doubledigit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to fourfifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energyintensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, pared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only % of GDP. That is less than onequarter of the ine loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oilimporting emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhave bee more energyintensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general modityprice inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist39。 pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death. Gee Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. It39。re a physician,you can risk your patient39。pain. [B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives. [C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physicianassisted suicide. [D] patients have no constitutional right to mit suicide. 57. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? [A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients39。 62．行苧科學之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來解釋行為的依據似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。 Section IV Writing (20points) 66． (略 ) 2020 年 1 月研究生入學英語考試試題答案解析 2020 年 1 月研究生入學考試答案及詳解 第二部分：本部分的命題特點是考查語言知識的綜合運用能力，文章內容本身不復雜，但句子長，分句多，語法現(xiàn)象靈 活，加大了題目的難度。第二句中的第一個詞 Yet表明了本句是對第一句內容的轉折。本題考查 it is … that…強調句型。所給四個單詞都有 方法，手段 的意思，