車輛工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---自動(dòng)變速器如何工作-預(yù)覽頁(yè)
【正文】 ed. It has one ring gear that is always the output of the transmission, but it has two sun gears and two sets of plas. Let39。 the ring gear (large sun gear) is held stationary by the band, and the output is the pla carrier. so the formula is: 1 + R/S = 1 + 36/30 = :1 The pla carrier turns times for each rotation of the small sun gear. At the second stage, the pla carrier acts as the input for the second plaary gear set, the larger sun gear (which is held stationary) acts as the sun, and the ring gear acts as the output, so the gear ratio is: 1 / (1 + S/R) = 1 / (1 + 36/72) = :1 To get the overall reduction for second gear, we multiply the first stage by the second, x , to get a :1 reduction. This may sound wacky, but it works. Third Gear Most automatic transmissions have a 1:1 ratio in third gear. You39。s go back to our chart again, this time with the pla carrier for input, the sun gear fixed and the ring gear for output. Ratio = 1 / (1 + S/R) = 1 / ( 1 + 36/72) = :1 So the output spins once for every twothirds of a rotation of the engine. If the engine is turning at 2020 rotations per minute (RPM), the output speed is 3000 RPM. This allows cars to drive at freeway speed while the engine speed stays nice and slow. Reverse Reverse is very similar to first gear, except that instead of the small sun gear being driven by the torque converter turbine, the bigger sun gear is driven, and the small one freewheels in the opposite direction. The pla carrier is held by the reverse band to the housing. So, according to our equations from the last page, we have: Ratio = R/S = 72/36 = :1 So the ratio in reverse is a little less than first gear in this transmission. Gear Ratios This transmission has four forward gears and one reverse gear. Let39。ll discuss the key ponents of the hydraulic system。 so when the car is going faster, the 2to3 shift valve will take over, because the pressure from the governor is high enough to trigger that valve. Electronic Controls Electronically controlled transmissions, which appear on some newer cars, still use hydraulics to actuate the clutches and bands, but each hydraulic circuit is controlled by an electric solenoid. This simplifies the plumbing on the transmission and allows for more advanced control schemes. 外文資料 11 自動(dòng)變速器如何工作 如果你曾經(jīng)駕駛過一輛帶著自動(dòng)變速器的車 , 那么你就知道自動(dòng)變速器和手動(dòng)變速器之間有很大的不同 : 在一個(gè)帶著自動(dòng)變速器的汽車中沒有離合器踏板。 自動(dòng)變速器的操作方法另人覺得非常了不起！ 在這里，我們將通過自動(dòng)變速器來(lái)研究我們的方法 。 沒有傳輸器 , 汽車對(duì)一個(gè)齒輪比率會(huì)被限制 ,并且那個(gè)比率必須被選擇允許汽車渴望旅行的最高速度。當(dāng)你高速行駛時(shí)，引擎就會(huì)在紅線附近發(fā)出尖叫聲。行星齒輪很有可能在自動(dòng)變速器中成為一個(gè)設(shè)備。 行星臺(tái)車試著向反時(shí)針方向快速旋轉(zhuǎn) ,但是被單向離合器 (只允許順時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)的裝置 ) 保持靜止，而且環(huán)齒輪輸出。 這個(gè)結(jié)合顛倒了方向。 它運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)就像兩個(gè)行星齒輪與一個(gè)普通的行星載體互相連接。 環(huán)齒輪 (大的太陽(yáng)齒輪 ) 被傳輸帶所固定，而輸出的是行星載體，所以公式是 : 1 + R/S=1 + 36/30 =:1 小太陽(yáng)齒輪每轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一次，行星載體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) 。從早先部分可以看出我們必須使行星齒輪的三個(gè)部件中的任何兩個(gè)結(jié)合在一起，都以 1： 1的比率輸出。在這傳輸中 , 參與加速檔可立即完成二件事。小的太陽(yáng)齒輪輕松快活地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，而較大的太陽(yáng)齒輪被加速擋傳輸帶所固定。 如果引擎以每分鐘(RPM) 2020次的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，那么裝置輸出速度就是 3000 RPM 。 因此 , 根據(jù)我們的方程序從最后頁(yè) , 我們有 : 比率 =R/S=72/36 =:1 因此，倒擋的比率稍微比變速器的一檔齒輪更少。舉例來(lái)說 ,這里是自動(dòng)變速器的一些特征 : (在一個(gè)四速度的變速器上 ) 中 ,變速器將會(huì)根據(jù)車輛速度和節(jié)流閥踏板位置自動(dòng)地選擇齒輪。如果汽車速度過快，它將等到車速慢下來(lái)之后換到低速擋。 你在變速器里所能看到的所有不同組件的流體通道 ,被制成金屬模型的通道是一個(gè)高效率的流行通道 。 泵 自動(dòng)變速器有一個(gè)整潔的泵 , 叫做齒輪式泵。 調(diào)速器 調(diào)速器是一個(gè)聰明的閥門它告訴變速器車行駛的速度。 車開的多快， 調(diào)速器的閥門開張的更快，那可以通過的流體壓力更大。 其他的車使用一個(gè)真空調(diào)整器對(duì)節(jié)流閥提供壓力。 換檔閥 換檔閥提供液壓給離合器和傳輸帶使其帶動(dòng)每個(gè)齒輪，變速器的閥門本身含有一些換檔閥，換檔閥決定何時(shí)換檔。 如果車很快地是加速，換檔閥將會(huì)延遲一個(gè)變化。 這強(qiáng)迫換檔閥直到一檔齒輪線路被關(guān)閉，二擋線路被打開才結(jié)束。必須結(jié)束遠(yuǎn)足夠在換檔閥移動(dòng)之前比較高的 ( 因此車輛速度必須比較快速 ) 適應(yīng)二檔。 這在變速器上簡(jiǎn)化配管而且可以考慮比較先進(jìn)的控制方案
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