【正文】 lationships, patterns, and trends, or to identify gaps in your thinking about your career development. 3) Review your plans and progress periodically with another person. Every so often, take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next. Taking inventory of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the labor market. Talking over your plans with a college counselor, your parents, and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work. 4) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over. Today, growing numbers of men and women are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them. Many of those who find that their line of work is unsatisfactory retrain themselves for a different occupation. Often their new occupation is one that they overlooked when they were young or that they did not have an opportunity to pursue at that time for financial or other reasons. Sociologists say that there are few changes in careers that involve “downward“ movement。進行擇業(yè)規(guī)劃，要收集有關(guān)我們自身以及職業(yè)的信息資料，估計采取各種舉動可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，最后作出我們認為有吸引力并且可行的選擇。有些人對于要費心考慮的擇業(yè)信息置之不理，這就是自滿的表現(xiàn)。每當面臨抉擇而又自認為找不到合適的解決方法時，一些人或想入非非或做白日夢，以此來保持平靜。當人們面對職業(yè)選擇而又感到?jīng)]有足夠時間找到解決方法時，會感到驚慌失措。當人們確信以下三點時，會做出機敏的決策：1）應(yīng)該做出選擇；2）自己能找到解決問題的辦法；3）有足夠的時間。了解自己是怎樣一個人，看重什么以及想成為什么樣的人，這些是整個擇業(yè)規(guī)劃的依據(jù)。
9 2．把自己的事業(yè)目標寫下來。這會使你對自己的發(fā)展前途有新的了解，并有助于你看清新的關(guān)系、模式及方向，或者明確你在考慮自己事業(yè)發(fā)展方面還有哪些不到之處。與你的大學(xué)輔導(dǎo)員、父母與朋友探討你的計劃，這有助于你明確目標，改進擇業(yè)規(guī)劃，或使計劃得以實施。這些新的職業(yè)常常是他們年輕時所忽視的，或者是由于當時的經(jīng)濟或別的原因而沒有機會從事的。據(jù)估計, 20歲到25歲這個年齡段的男性中多達四分之一的人更換職業(yè)。但是，擇業(yè)規(guī)劃能夠幫助你面對或更好地處理新的問題，諸如決定是否要接受某方面的教育或培訓(xùn)，是否要更換工作，還能幫助你分析所面臨的困境或與某人交往中所存在的困難。對自己職業(yè)的無知并不是一種福氣，理智比機遇和命運更重要。. Naturally if the job is careeroriented, it makes better reading. One day on the muter train, I was sitting in front of two high school girls, and one said to the other, “My college education won＇t cost my father one cent. At least I don＇t think so.“ She explained that she had been working weekends, summers, and Christmas and spring vacations as a waitress in a restaurant. Her tips were so good she had saved up $ 10,000. She planned to go to Rutgers University, muting from home. If she continued working through college she figured she could graduate without debt and go to graduate school. When I started looking for a summer job in college I found that the only organization that would hire me (except for restaurants) was Filene＇s, the big Boston department store that operated a summer branch on Cape Cod, where my family vacationed. During my freshman year at college I paid a visit to the Northampton, Mass. branch, a yearround operation. I asked for a job selling on Saturdays and a job the following summer. I was hired on the spot. The following summer the manager of the Northampton shop assumed management of the Cape Cod branch for the summer, and she asked me to e along as a salesgirl. All through college I earned my expenses by working for Filene＇s on the Cape during the summer months and on Saturdays and sale days during the college years. I also conceived and wrote copy for the advertisements that Filene＇s ran in our college newspaper during the winter, and an art major did the drawings based on my ideas. By the time I was a senior I knew that I did not want to go into retailing, but it was my hedge against the future. I knew from conversations with the store manager that if I could not find a newspaper reporting job I could find a spot on the Filene＇s training squad, and use that step toward a writing job. 1假設(shè)你知道自己大學(xué)畢業(yè)后想干什么（現(xiàn)今，如果進了大學(xué)你還沒選中一種職業(yè)，也許會被看成目光短淺），你早在畢業(yè)前就應(yīng)該考慮找一份工作了。假如你碰巧有個熟人是編輯，而他愿意見你，那樣的話敢情更好。在很多情況下實習(xí)生有少量薪水，但也有無報酬的情況。但這些工作可能無助于你的擇業(yè)規(guī)劃，你必須在這兩個方面權(quán)衡一下。其中一個女孩對另一個說：“我上大學(xué)不會花我父親一分錢。她計劃上拉特格斯大學(xué)，住在家里走讀。我申請在周六以及接下來的暑假當售貨員，當場就被錄用了。當我讀到大四的時候，我知道自己不想從事零售業(yè)，但它是我未來謀生的應(yīng)急手段。 in foodproducing panies where they work on nutritional aspects of food。約翰斯當我談到從事這些職業(yè)的人員的特點時，請注意，沒有哪個人會具備所有這些特性。他們通常具有良好的身體協(xié)調(diào)性，但有時候在自我表達或與他人交談方面有困難。他們通常認為自己擅長機械操作和體育運動，他們個性穩(wěn)定、不做作、執(zhí)著。
5 注重現(xiàn)實的人在接受采訪時將自己描述為“循規(guī)蹈矩、直率、真誠、普通、執(zhí)著、實際、穩(wěn)定、節(jié)儉、唯物和靦腆”。傳統(tǒng)性職業(yè)通常需要做一定的筆頭工作，但一般都是撰寫商務(wù)信函和常規(guī)報告。
第三類——研究型職業(yè) 11 這些是科研和實驗室工作，人們由此探究世界是如何構(gòu)成的。
他們特別不喜歡重復(fù)性的活動和銷售活動。
17 藝術(shù)型工作的環(huán)境有藝術(shù)博物館、美術(shù)館、音樂部門、室內(nèi)裝飾公司、音樂商店、劇團、攝影工作室、電臺和電視臺演播室及其他任何用到以及（或者）傳授藝術(shù)技能的地方。
20 社會型職業(yè)涉及那些與人打交道的工作，如教育、培訓(xùn)、治療、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、組織或啟迪他人。
第六類——領(lǐng)導(dǎo)型職業(yè) 22 從事這些職業(yè)的人所做的是說服別人去行動，比如銷售、政治或商貿(mào)工作。
26 這類人喜歡有競爭的活動，愿意在群體中工作，并對群體的行為施加一些影響。