【正文】
內(nèi)外變頻調(diào)速恒壓供黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 4 水控制系統(tǒng)的研究設(shè)計中,對于能適應不同的用水場合,結(jié)合現(xiàn)代控制技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和通訊技術(shù)同時兼顧系統(tǒng)的電磁兼容性 (EMC),的變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的水壓閉環(huán)控制研究得不夠。艾默生電氣公司和成都希望集團 (森蘭變頻器 )也推出恒壓供水專用變頻器 (5。這類設(shè)備雖微化了電路結(jié)構(gòu),降低了設(shè)備成本,但其輸出接口的擴展功能缺乏靈活性,系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)性能和穩(wěn)定性不高,與別的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) (如 BA系統(tǒng) )和組態(tài)軟件難以實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信,并且限制了帶負載的容量,因此在實際使用時其范圍將會受到限制。 從查閱的資料的情況來看,國外的恒壓供水工程在設(shè)計時都采用一臺變頻器只帶一臺水泵機組的方式,幾乎沒有用一臺變頻器拖動多臺水泵機組運行的情況,因而投資成本高。 目前的供水方式朝向高效節(jié)能、自動可靠的方向發(fā)展,變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)以其顯著的 節(jié)能效果和穩(wěn)定可靠的控制方式,在風機、水泵、空氣壓縮機、制冷壓縮機等高 能耗設(shè)備上廣泛應用,特別是在城鄉(xiāng)工業(yè)用水的各級加壓系統(tǒng)和居民生活用水的 恒壓供水系統(tǒng)中,變頻調(diào)速水 泵節(jié)能效果尤為突出,其優(yōu)越性表現(xiàn)在:一是節(jié)能 顯著;二是在開、停機時能減小電流對電網(wǎng)的沖擊以及供水水壓對管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的沖 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 3 擊;三是能減小水泵、電機自身的機械沖擊損耗。 變頻調(diào)速供水方式 這種系統(tǒng)的原理是通過安裝在系統(tǒng)中的壓力傳感器將系統(tǒng)壓力信號與設(shè)定壓力值作比較,再通過控制器調(diào)節(jié)變頻器的輸出,無級調(diào)節(jié)水泵轉(zhuǎn)速。氣壓罐方式依靠壓力罐中的壓縮空氣送水,氣壓罐配套水泵運行時,水泵在額定轉(zhuǎn)速、額定流量的條件下工作。 恒速泵加氣壓罐供水方式 這種方式是利用封閉的氣壓罐代替高位水箱蓄水,通過監(jiān)測罐內(nèi)壓力來控制泵的開、停。高層建筑還可分層設(shè)立水箱 。水壓不可調(diào),不能兼顧近期與遠期的需要 。這種供水方式,水泵工作在額定流量額定揚程的條件下,水泵處于高效區(qū)。 恒速泵加水塔的供水方式 這種方式是水泵先向水塔供水,再由水塔向用戶供水。以下就逐一分析。同時系統(tǒng)具有良好的節(jié)能性,這在能量日益緊缺的今天尤為重要,所以研究設(shè)計該系統(tǒng),對于提高企業(yè)效率以及人民的生活水平、降低能耗等方面具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 關(guān)鍵詞 : PLC; 變頻 ; 供水 ; 恒壓 ; PID 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 II ABSTRACT With the rapid development of economy and society,energy resources are seriously lacking. At the same time, the demands for quality and reliability of water supply system are increased continually. So it is inevitable tendency to design one kind of water supply system which is high reliable and saves on energy well, with the help of advanced technique of automation and contr01. Direct towards the problems of actual water supply system, such as electric power and water resource waste and low quality of water supply,this paper mainly studied and designed a controller of the VF speed regulating constant—pressure water supply system. With the core of Mitsubishi FX2NPLC, this controller bined transducer and pressure sensor. The pressure value of the watersupply pipeline was set, and the number of running pumps and the rotate speed of motor to implement the closed—loop control of water pressure was controlled in this system, namely constant—pressure water supply. This paper explained the principle of constant—pressure water supply on the basis of characteristic curve of pipeline resistance and water pump head. And water supply system’S energy—saving principle of water pump VF speed control Was clarified according to characteristic curve of running pipelines and water pump. Then the structure and work principle and control flow of VF speed regulating constant pressure water supply system Was analyzed in the paper. Based on the research of PID control theory,this paper has designed a PID controller. The design of the system’s hardware and software Was introduced thoroughly,and system’S EMI problems and relevant restraining methods were put forward in the end. The water supply system is designed for a residential area in An yang city. After on—site missioning and operation shows the real time control performance to the water pressure of water supply system designed in this paper Was proved to be allright according to the experimentation validated . The hardware module is steady—going and reliable, and the PID controller is proper and valid and can guarantee the better stability of water pressure. And this control system is perfect. Key words: PLC; Variable frequency; Water supply; Constant pressure; PID 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ....................................................... 1 變頻恒壓供水產(chǎn)生的背景和意義 ................................. 1 變頻恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................... 3 課題來源及本文的主要研究內(nèi)容 ................................. 4 本論文中所做的工作 ........................................... 4 第 2 章 恒壓供水系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)成 .................................. 5 系統(tǒng)各部分的功能 ............................................. 5 本章小結(jié) ..................................................... 6 第 3 章 變頻器和壓力傳感器 ...................................... 7 變頻器的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................ 7 變頻器的分類及工作原理 ...................................... 9 變頻器選擇的方法 ............................................ 9 變頻器硬件選擇 .............................................. 9 壓力傳感器的選型 ........................................... 10 本章小結(jié) .................................................... 11 第 4 章 PLC 選型及應用 ........................................... 12 PLC 在恒壓供水泵站中的作用 .................................. 12 PLC 選型方法 ................................................ 12 PLC 模擬量擴展單元的配置及應用 .............................. 16 模擬量輸入模塊的功能及與 PLC 系統(tǒng)的連接 ................ 16 模擬量輸入模塊緩沖存儲器( BFM)的分配 ................. 17 模擬量輸出模塊的功能及 PLC 系統(tǒng)連接 ................... 18 模擬量輸出模塊的偏置、增益及分配 ...................... 19 本章小結(jié) .................................................... 19 第 5 章 PID 控制器的設(shè)計 ........................................ 20 PID 控制參數(shù)計算 ............................................ 20 PID 參數(shù)整定的原則 .......................................... 22 PID 指令的使用注意事項 ...................................... 22 PID 回路類型的選擇 .......................................... 23 正作用或反作用回路 ......................................... 23 本章小結(jié) .................................................... 23 第 6 章 供水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 .......................................... 24 控制系統(tǒng)的 I/O 及地址分配 .................................... 24 系統(tǒng)基本要求 ................................................ 24 黑龍江工程學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 IV PLC 系統(tǒng)選型 ................................................ 25 電氣控制系統(tǒng)原理圖 ......................................... 25 主電路圖 .............................................. 25 工作泵組數(shù)量管理 ...................................... 29 多泵組泵站泵組管理規(guī)范 ................................ 29 程序的結(jié)構(gòu)及程序功能的實現(xiàn) ............................ 29 系統(tǒng)的運行分析 ........................................ 32 本章小結(jié) .................................................... 32 結(jié)論 .