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【正文】 kswagen, which was dependent on Marcello Gandini and Gietto Giugiaro and Karmann, later formed the contemporary design language along with Audi. BMW’s foray into sports sedan marked a new trend in automobile design as it called for a sportylooking everyday sedan with Giovanni Michelotti , later enhanced by Ercole Spada right into the 1980s, and Klaus Luthe till mid1990s. The American born designer Chris Bangle hired by BMW in late1990s to redefine the brand and he used new single press technology for pound curves adding controversial styling elements in his designs. The Porsche family contribution were instrumental in the evolution of Porsche cars, while the Italian designer Bruno Sacco helped create various Mercedes Models from the 1960s till the 1990s. Italy In Italy, where art is often considered a serious profession since Renaissance period, panies like Fiat and Alfa Romeo played a major role in car design. Many coach builders were dependent on these two major manufacturers. Italian manufacturers had a large presence in Motorsports leading to several sport car manufacturers like Ferrari, Lancia, Lambhini, Maserati, etc. During late1950s the elegant Italian designs gained global popularity coinciding with the modern fashion and architecture at that time around the world. Various design and technical schools in Turin turned out designers in large scale. By the late1960s almost all Italian coach builders transformed into design studios catering to automakers around the world. The trend continued in the 1990s when the Japanese and Korean manufacturers sourced designs from these styling example is Pininfarina. The most famous Italian designers whose designs services were sought globally are Giovanni Michelotti, Ercole Spada, Bruno Sacco, Marcello Gandini and Gietto the following designers helped create the design foundations for most of the European brands in the postworld war II period, whose influence is still seen in present times. Sweden Sweden has Volvo and Saab and the Scandinavian landscape required that cars had to be sturdy and withstand Nordic climate conditions. The Scandinavian design elements are known for their minimalism and simplicity. One of the early original Scandinavian designs was the Saab 92021 by Sixten Sason and Gunnar Ljungstr246。s first generation Ford Mustang and Thunderbird marked another era leading into new market segments from Detroit. The Ford Mustang achieved record sales in its first year of production and established the pony car segment. History of automobile design in Europe Europe is the continent where the first Automobile was invented, eventually replacing the Horse Drawn Coaches. Till World War I most of the manufacturers were concerned with mechanical reliability rather than its external appearance. Later, luxury and aesthetics became a demand and also an effective marketing tool. Designs from each nation with its own strong cultural identity, reflected in their exterior and interior designs. World War II slowed the progress, but after early1950s, Italian designers set the trend and remained the driving force until the early part of the 1980s. France In France notable designs came from Bugatti and Avions Voisin. Of the mass selling cars Citro235。s innovation with aerodynamics made them launch Chrysler Airflow in 1934, which was quite revolutionary and radical. But lower acceptance of the car forced Chrysler to resdesign its later models of 39。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文 )參考文獻(xiàn)譯文 學(xué)生姓名： 張洪滔 系 別： 機 械 工 程 系 專 業(yè)： 工 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 班 級： KT7133 學(xué) 號 : 2 譯文出處 : /wiki/Automotive_design 譯文原稿 Automotive design Automotive design is the profession involved in the development of the appearance, and to some extent the ergonomics, of motor vehicles or more specifically road vehicles. This most monly refers to automo
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