國外廠商理論講稿(1)-全文預覽
【正文】 unit ? AR = TR / Q ? Marginal revenue – the amount received from selling one extra unit of output ? MR = TRn – TR n1 units Profit Profit ? Profit = TR – TC ? The reward for enterprise ? Profits help in the process of directing resources to alternative uses in free markets ? Relating price to costs helps a firm to assess profitability in production Profit ? Normal Profit – the minimum amount required to keep a firm in its current line of production ? Abnormal or Supernormal profit – profit made over and above normal profit – Abnormal profit may exist in situations where firms have market power – Abnormal profits may indicate the existence of welfare losses – Could be taxed away without altering resource allocation Profit ? Subnormal Profit – profit below normal profit –Firms may not exit the market even if subnormal profits made if they are able to cover variable costs –Cost of exit may be high –Subnormal profit may be temporary (or perceived as such!) Profit ? Assumption that firms aim to maximise profit ? May not always hold true there are other objectives ? Profit maximising output would be where MC = MR Profit Why? Cost/Revenue Output MR MR – the addition to total revenue a
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