【正文】 looks, and equipped。 with a suggestion。 intellectual range12. contented least:（least satisfied） with the things of which I have most。 the sestet drives home the narrative by making an abstract ment, applies the proposition, or solve the problem. English poets have varied these requirements greatly. The octave and sestet division is not always kept。 Company。To send me out this time o’ the yeir15, To sail upon the se?”“Mak haste, mak haste, my mirry men all16, Our guid schip sails the morne17.”“O say na sae18, my master deir19, For I feir a deadlie storme.”“Late, late yestreen20 I saw the new mooneWi’ the auld moone in hir arme21。 (Yeats)Those three / l / sounds make a pleasant, liquid sound: the sound here, in fact, corresponds with the sense. So it does in Dry clashed his armour in the icy caves, (Tennyson)Where the hard “c” of “clashed” and “cave” seems to dry one’s mouth up when one speaks the line aloud. Rhyme, assonance, alliteration, the metrical beat they all have one mon factor. It is repetition, the repeating of sounds at regular or irregular intervals. Some poems actually repeat whole lines or phrases。 the stresses correspond to the beats in music or the beat of one’s feet in dancing. Thus, whether the lines in a poem are all of the same length or of different lengths, they will all e within a metrical framework or pattern. Often you find poems divided up into stanzasthat is to say, groups of two, three, four, or more lines with space in between them. Each stanza in a poem will generally have the same metrical framework as every other stanza in it, the same number of beats in every corresponding line, and the same pattern of rhymes too. There are many different meters, and variations on meters, which a poet may use. But, whatever meter he is using, the important thing about it is that its stresses create a basic pattern. This pattern is strengthened by the use of rhyme. There are quite a few kinds of rhyme: simple rhymes like “cat” and “mat”。 but only in order to make a particular kind of impression on the reader, or to create in the poem a vague, daydreaming mood. For the most part, poetry uses language in a vivid, precise, concrete way. To achieve these purposes, poetry makes frequent use of images. Images are wordpictures, painted by the poet’s imagination in such a way as to appeal to the reader’s imagination. Now let’s take some lines from a poem called “In Time of Pestilence” by Thomas Nashe. Brightness falls from the air, Queens have died young and fair Dust hath closed Helen’s eye I am sick, I must die.Each of the first three lines is an image. First is an apparently vague one, which gives us the sad feeling we often get from a sunset. The next image is more particular and precise。 it may enrich the value of words by giving them new associations. Poetry, on the other hand, is an art which has to treat words with care, respect and accuracy. Words are the raw material of poetry. The methods that poets use to hammer and shape words into strong, beautiful patterns are called “poetic technique”. Poetry is always making us aware of links or connections between things, which we had not noticed or had not found interesting before. Poetry is always paring things: Shall I pare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (Shakespeare) or, My love is like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June. (Burns)Comparisons like this, where two things are related by the word “l(fā)ike” or “as”, are called “similes”. Similes can be simple and can be farfetched. Or they can be subtle and delicate. They can also be plicated and at first rather difficult to take in. Whether a simile is simple or plex, its main object is to pare two things, to set them side by side in such a way that they light each other up and therefore make us see and understand them more clearly. Another way of doing this is metaphor. The word “metaphor” means “transference”. When a seventeenthcentury poet Wotton, called the stars “You mon people of the skies,” he was transferring the ordinary meaning of “mon people” to describe the multitude of the stars. This shows you what a very concentrated thing poetry is: by the use of metaphor, or simile, and by many other devices, it can press an enormous amount of meaning into a small space. It is a great mistake to think of poetry as something vague and woolly. Poets do sometimes use vague, abstract language。 she too is dead. Running through the three images is the emotion which made the poet write the poem: it es out in the last linehis fear of dying before his time and his sadness that all lovely things have to perish. But images, metaphors and similes are not the only things which may go to make the pattern of a poem. There are meter and rhyme. Although poetry can be made without meter or rhyme, it cannot be made without the inner excitement which so often es out in the form of metaphor or image. Some of the finest poetry in the world is known by us in the form of prose. Meter divides a line of poetry into stressed and unstressed syllables。 in a rhyme, it is the vowel sounds also. Rhymes generally e at the end of lines. They are put there because it helps to create and make clear the musical pattern of the stanza. But you may get a rhyme in the middle of a line, too. Some poets are extremely skilful in making assonances and other soundechoes all over a poem. This is often done by the use of alliteration. For example, I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore。And sent it to Sir Patrick Spens, Was walking on the sand.The first line that Sir Patrick red, A Loud lauch9 lauched he:The next line that Sir Patrick red, The teir10 blinded his ee11.“O wha12 is this has don13 this deid14, This ill deid don to me。 but the core of them was that