【正文】
戰(zhàn)略是必需的。至今為止,關(guān)于并購(gòu)對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響的研究相當(dāng)匱乏。Seth (1990)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何一種類型的并購(gòu)都沒有顯著地降低系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并得出結(jié)論減少測(cè)試并不是價(jià)值創(chuàng)造的來源。12 Ⅲ 。換句話說,管理者在不同的并購(gòu)后的業(yè)績(jī)環(huán)境中,面對(duì)相類似的問題是否采取了不同的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。然而,Chatterjee和Lubatkin認(rèn)為非相關(guān)合并有更高的絕對(duì)性水平的系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。T收購(gòu)NCR的案例中,并未實(shí)現(xiàn)并購(gòu)效應(yīng),損失卻因此產(chǎn)生AT&T在從未涉及的且沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的全新市場(chǎng)和領(lǐng)域中在銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)上花費(fèi)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)。那么,當(dāng)管理者誤解了可能那些實(shí)際上不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),并低于之前設(shè)定的目標(biāo)參考點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生損失時(shí),他們可能采取更高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)企圖破壞未來的這些目標(biāo)。該理論認(rèn)為管理者認(rèn)為他們是一定可以達(dá)到所要的報(bào)酬。在此情況下,至少有兩種承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的突進(jìn)可以起到激勵(lì)作用。在任何情況下,一個(gè)理性的管理者應(yīng)該評(píng)估一項(xiàng)決定未來現(xiàn)金流量的凈現(xiàn)值,而不是過去決策的影響。未來資源承諾的性質(zhì)的變化可能會(huì)采取不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)表現(xiàn)形式。 these results are not without controversy. Seth (1990) finds no significant decreases in systematic risk for either type of merger and concludes that attempting to decreases beta is not a source of value creation.The concept of changes in risktaking behavior has not been considered in the postacquisition environment. In other words, now might a given manager in two different postacquisition performance environments react differently to a similar postacquisition problem? Managerial actions do not lie in isolation of the performance environment, and so it is important to consider how the risktaking posture of executive teams may emerge postacquisition.中文譯文之二收購(gòu)后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)作者:Sidney W. Yeomans 國(guó)籍:美國(guó)出處:諾瓦東南大學(xué)博士論文,2004中文譯文:研究人員為管理者希望公司保值的愿望提供依稀必要措施作為目標(biāo)參考值。這點(diǎn)是毋庸置疑的,盡管大多數(shù)跨國(guó)企業(yè)能進(jìn)入全球金融市場(chǎng),并且在其他條件不變的情況下在成本最低的地外文原稿之二Acquirer Systematic Risk:Evidence on Corporate Mergers and AcquisitionsAuthor: Sidney W. YeomansNationality:AmericaSource: The degree of business administration with finance concentration, Nova Southeastern University ,2004Original text:Managerial Risk Taking Following Acquisition Researchers can think of the required performance improvements as target reference points for managers with respect to preserving the value of the firm. Simulations clearly illustrated as the premium increases beyond certain levels, the likelihood of realizing the required improvements declines dramatically .It is the knowledge of the synergy trap and the results of the simulation analysis that allows upfront predictions about when managers are likely to miss their performance requirements and by how much.This discussion has largely focused on generating predictions about the systematic risk of targets and acquirers based on the value consequences and the interaction of those consequences in paying an acquisition premium. Future changes in the nature of resource mitments might take the form of changed in risk taking. In the postacquisition phase, the changes in managerial risk taking could take two forms:(1)increasing the size of the bet on the current petitive game (such as a major advertising campaign),or(2) mitting resources to new, higherrisk petitive games(such as a major distribution system change or Ramp。也就是說,合并或收購(gòu)、國(guó)內(nèi)或國(guó)外,如果要估計(jì)的主要因素是未來現(xiàn)金流量,收購(gòu)價(jià)格,融資成本,那么這些都可以在一個(gè)資本預(yù)算框架內(nèi)處理。她總結(jié)了她的發(fā)現(xiàn),20世紀(jì)80年代美國(guó)稅收制度的變化并不能為跨國(guó)并購(gòu)活動(dòng)水平提高任何解釋說明。1969年的稅收改革法案作為最重要的法律和法規(guī)的變化,促成了20世紀(jì)60年代企業(yè)并購(gòu)活動(dòng)的形成。大多數(shù)政府都會(huì)執(zhí)行某種形式的收購(gòu)法規(guī)。他指出潛在收購(gòu)者可以獲得與其他市場(chǎng)參與者相同的關(guān)于目標(biāo)公司的信息。這些不利因素包括信息的不對(duì)稱性,壟斷權(quán)力,以及政府出臺(tái)的抵制并購(gòu)的法律法規(guī)。一個(gè)公司落后的技術(shù)知識(shí)水平必須有效地在它的產(chǎn)業(yè),它是不能或不愿意獲取所需的技術(shù)研究和開發(fā),然后通過它可能試圖收購(gòu)?fù)鈬?guó)公司在技術(shù)上更先進(jìn)。一方面,收購(gòu)企業(yè)本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠促進(jìn)跨國(guó)并購(gòu)交易,并且能滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)多元化的需求。這個(gè)論點(diǎn)是基于對(duì)不同經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)方差的回歸直線的觀測(cè)中得出的。她發(fā)現(xiàn)美元的貶值會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致外商在美國(guó)投資業(yè)務(wù)的收縮。他們認(rèn)為,當(dāng)美元貶值美時(shí),任何一家公司無(wú)論展開何種業(yè)務(wù),包括外國(guó)或國(guó)內(nèi),美國(guó)都將是一個(gè)有利可圖的地方。這些因素包括各國(guó)之間的匯率、多元化發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)、本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,以及科技發(fā)展水平和人力資源。在研究中,我們首先對(duì)收購(gòu)的有利變量進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。國(guó)籍:美國(guó)出處:《跨國(guó)公司財(cái)務(wù)管理》,第八卷,第四期,1998年11月,434437McDonough Bergson(1990),在關(guān)于合并和收購(gòu)的廣泛討論中提出以下因素促使許多公司去收購(gòu)國(guó)外公司:一是不同的領(lǐng)域傳播產(chǎn)品和分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn);二是獲得備用產(chǎn)品;三是充分發(fā)揮并購(gòu)的協(xié)同作用;四是達(dá)到規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。 to exploit synergies。 to gain backup products。 they cite the William’s AmendmentsAnd the Tax Reform Act of 1969 as significant legal and regulatory changes that contributed to a signif