【正文】 .二、 現在分詞的構成：． 　Eg: carrycarrying,catchcatching,drinkdrinking, enjoyenjoying hurryhurrying ,dodoing , readreading , thinkthinking2. 如果動詞以e結尾,則去掉e,再加ing,　如eing , havehaving , makemaking,rideriding,writewriting,taketaking,useusing．3. 如果動詞只有一個元音字母,而其后跟有一個輔音字母時,將此輔音字母雙寫,再加ing　如： hithitting,letletting, putputting,runrunning,sitsitting．4. 如果動詞有兩個音節(jié),且重音在第二個音節(jié)上,則末尾的輔音字母須雙寫,再加ing,　如: for’getforgetting,pre’ferpreferring,up’setupsetting．試比較 ’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,這些詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上,因此其末尾的輔音字母不雙寫．5. 以 ic 結尾的動詞,應先把 ic 變?yōu)?ick,再加 ing,eg: panic/panicking,piic/piicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊變化要記?。?、句型結構：、否定形式、疑問形式及其回答,所有變化都體現在助動詞 be ( is / am / are ) 上．　1)現在進行時的肯定形式：主語+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分　　I am singing . They are writing .　2)現在進行時的否定形式:主語+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分　　I am not singing . They aren’t writing .　3）一般疑問句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主語+doing+其他成分　　Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .　　Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .　4)特殊疑問句及回答:特殊疑問詞+be(am/ is/are)+主語+doing+其他成分　　What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提問內容具體回答).2. 縮寫形式如下:　　I amI’m You areYou’re He isHe’s She isShe’s 　　It isIt’s We areWe’re They areThey’re: 不是所有動詞都能用現在進行時態(tài)的,如：　　see、like、want、know 等動詞往往都不用進行時態(tài)．四．用法：( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情．往往與 now,at the moment,just 等副詞連用,以示強調．　We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．：　He’s talking to his friends in the classroom.　可用 still 一詞強調動作的持續(xù)性　He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行．　Mr. Black is writing another article.　Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.　She is learning piano under Mr. Black.,或被認為在短期內正在進行的動作或存在的情況：　What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.：　People are being more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示漸變的動詞有：bee,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等．　The leaves are turning brown.　It’s getting colder and colder.,constantly,forever 等詞連用,表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩．　You are always changing your mind.8. 現在進行時(以及 be going to）可以表示為將來安排好的活動和事件 We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,e,go,leave 等動詞的現在進行時描寫行 程安排,也通常有“將到達”和“將離去”的意思： He’s arriving tomorrow morning.,則有時含有抱怨,討厭,贊揚等的意思：　He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night.物主代詞表示所有關系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。作賓語介詞賓語表語作定語作主語,賓語,介詞賓語,表語書信yours…作賓語,介詞賓語,表語主語同為語根據上表的例句如下：She doesn’t believe us.When he arrived, John went straight to the bank..You’ll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.Who is it? It’s me.Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second.They think too much of themselves.A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.Help yourself!We cook for ourselves.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.The cap is Jack’s.注意：在連續(xù)使用兩個以上人稱代詞時，通常單數you放在第一位， I 放在最后；復數we放在第一位，they放在最后。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： which①who與whom. (whom是who的賓格)Who told you the truth?Whom are you talking with?②whose, which, what(在非限定的數量中選擇用what,在限定的數量中選擇which)Whose book is this?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?What are you reading now?What’s your father?Whose books are these on the desk?注意：疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時，過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首，現代英語中，疑問代詞在句首，介詞在句未。練習題： 1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than ________ in Shenyang.　　A. that　B. It　C. this　D. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _____es from U. S. A.　　A. he　B. she　C. it　D. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow________?　　A. you　B. yourself　C. yours　D. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_________.　　A. a few　B. few　C. a little　D. little bit5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _________. Thanks, I’ve had enough.　　A. either　B. neither　C. some　D. both6. I bought ___________ exercise books with __________ money.　　A. a few, a few　B. a few, a little　C. a little, a few　D. a little, a little7. I made the cake by ____________. Help __________, Tom.　　A. ourselves, yourself　B. myself, yourself　C. myself, you　D. me, him8. Enjoy_____________, May and Mary.　　A. yourself　B. myself　C. yourselves　D. themselves9. _____________ house is this ?It’s mine.　A. What　B. Who　C. Whose　D. Whose10. She is a student and ____________ name is Mary.　　A. she　B. her　C. hers　D. his11. She will go skating and I will do _________.　　A. such　B. same　C. the same as　D. the same12. __________ is he?He is a bus driver.　　A. who 　B. which　C. that　D. what13. _____ hat is this?It’s __________.　　A. Whose, me　B. Who, mine　C. Whom, his　D. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than __________ of Japan.　　A. one　B. it　C. that　D. those15. Li Li is clever than _______ in his class.　　A. anybody　B. anyone else　C. else anyone　D. somebody else16. _________ like music.　　A. Both of them　B. Both of they　C. The both girls　D. Both them17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have______