【正文】 使直流電機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算建立在更為科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)之上。 1885 年出現(xiàn)的換相極和補(bǔ)償繞組， 1885 年又開(kāi)始用碳粉做電刷。同時(shí)為了加強(qiáng)繞組的機(jī)械固定和減少銅線內(nèi)部的渦流所耗，繞組的有效部分被放置于鐵心的槽中。由于環(huán)形繞組為分布繞組，電壓脈動(dòng)小，換向和散熱情況也較 T 型繞組大大改善，因此 T 型繞組很快就被淘汰了。因此，直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用就必須提供較大的，廉價(jià)的直流電源。 1821 年，法拉第發(fā)現(xiàn)了載流導(dǎo)體在磁場(chǎng)內(nèi)受力的現(xiàn)象； 1831 年，他又發(fā)現(xiàn)了電磁感應(yīng)定律 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：直流電機(jī) ， AT89C52， PWM， L298N 2 Topic： The Speed Control System of DC motor Based on single Chip microputer Major： Electrical Engineering and Automation Guidance Teacher: Signature: Student: Signature: ABSTRACT DC motor has a better performance during starting and braking， and it is easy to realize speed regulation on wide range. So DC motor is used on many occasion , such as metallurgy , mechanics and light industry. In the System of DC motor speed control based on single microputer, as the core of single microputer, AT89C52 could control motor′s state (contain clockwise and anticlockwise )， speed up and down and stop. During the motor working , we used LCD1602 to display the speed and current of motor. In order to e true smooth speed regulation , this system set a suitable frequent on PWM by setting two Timers initial value . The principle of this closedloop is call different subfunction according to parison of the results. When the motor was rotating, 3144 could simple speed and current signal processed by AD transformation then display through LCD1602 display modular. While the displayed current more or less than special range, motor would issue an alarm signal, at the same time , motor would be system include four modular: button for motor state selection, display of speed of motor and current through motor′s armature winding, motor drive modular(L298N) and single microputer key to AT89C52. KEY WORDS: DC motor, PWM, L298N, Button Selection Modular, LCD 1602 Display 1 目 錄 第 1 章 直流電機(jī)及其控制的發(fā)展 和現(xiàn)狀 ........................................ 1 直流電機(jī)的發(fā)展及研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................ 1 直流電機(jī)的國(guó)外發(fā)展 ............................................ 1 直流電機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展 ............................................ 2 直流電機(jī)控制的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀 ..................................... 3 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)發(fā)展簡(jiǎn)介 .......................................... 3 直流電機(jī)控制現(xiàn)狀 .............................................. 5 直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和意義 ................................ 6 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的研究意義 ........................................ 6 論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 .............................................. 7 第 2 章 基于單片機(jī)的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)硬件部分 ................................ 9 直流電機(jī)概述 ....................................................... 9 直流電機(jī)的分類(lèi) ................................................ 9 有刷直流電機(jī)的組成及發(fā)展概況 ................................. 11 有刷直流電機(jī)的工作原理 ....................................... 12 基于單片機(jī)的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì) ............................... 12 單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) ..................................................... 14 AT89C52 與 AT89C51 比較 ...................................... 14 AT89C52 管腳介紹 ............................................ 15 按鍵控制模塊 ....................................................... 18 直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)和基于驅(qū)動(dòng)的電流閉環(huán)模塊 .............................. 19 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)方案的選擇 ........................................... 19 L298N 芯片介紹 ............................................... 20 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路中的保護(hù) ......................................... 23 電機(jī)的電流保護(hù) ............................................... 25 2. 6 電機(jī)速度和電流顯示模塊 ............................................ 28 顯示模塊的方案選擇 ........................................... 28 LCD1602 芯片介紹及其接法 ..................................... 29 電機(jī)速度控制的硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 30 電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測(cè)量裝置選擇 ......................................... 31 電機(jī)的速度測(cè)量和閉環(huán)控制 ..................................... 32 第 3 章 直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 34 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)及調(diào)速 .................................................... 34 電機(jī)調(diào)速及控制的幾種方式 ..................................... 34 基于 PWM 的直流電機(jī)調(diào)速 ....................................... 35 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)邏輯 ................................................. 36 顯示和按鍵選擇功能的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ...................................... 36 第 4 章 電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的硬件和軟件調(diào)試 ....................................... 37 Proteus 簡(jiǎn)介 ....................................................... 37 2 keil 軟件介紹和聯(lián)調(diào) ...........