【正文】 趨勢(shì)隨著蓄電池電動(dòng)車的迅猛發(fā)展，對(duì)充電器的要求越來(lái)越高，從開(kāi)始的單純充足，到目前的延長(zhǎng)蓄電池壽命，減少能源消耗，充電器的功能已發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛越。另一方面，充電技術(shù)不能適應(yīng)蓄電池的特殊要求，會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響蓄電池的使用壽命。隨著蓄電池端電壓升高，充電電流會(huì)自動(dòng)下降，所以析氣量少，充電時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，能耗較低。鉛酸蓄電池不宜采用這種方式。這兩種充電方式的特點(diǎn)及存在的問(wèn)題如下：（1） 恒流限壓充電充電時(shí)自始至終以恒定不變的電流進(jìn)行充電，該電流可以通過(guò) PWM 來(lái)調(diào)整，這種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)單方便，易于做到。關(guān)鍵詞 智能充電器 ADuC824 TL494 鉛酸蓄電池基于單片機(jī)的智能電池充電器的設(shè)計(jì)IIDESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CHARGER BASED ON SINGLECHIP MICROCOMPUTERABSTRACTIn the past, as the charger cannot be based on the status of rechargeable battery data to analysis it cannot be carried out the mode, which is suitable. It has been using a highcurrent charge, which is result in more lower efficient for battery charger, reduces service life. Because of it, I design an intelligent charger, which is controlled by singlechip microputer. According to the state of battery, ADuC824 singlechip microputer will control and output a PWM pulse, in turn, leadacid battery will be charged through to fourstage charge such as trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charging and floating charge, it can also show the current charging phase through the output terminal of singlechip microputer and can terminate charging automatically. A warning buzzer will sound to remind the user that it is already full of batteries. KEY WORDS intelligent battery charger ADuC824 TL494 leadacid battery基于單片機(jī)的智能電池充電器的設(shè)計(jì)目 錄摘要 ..............................................................................................................................................................ⅠABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................................Ⅱ1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................................1 研究背景 ................................................................................................................................1 充電技術(shù)的發(fā)展概述 ....................................................................................................1 充電器的技術(shù)水平、現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ..............................................................22 鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理及充放電過(guò)程 ..........................................................................3 鉛酸蓄電池的基本概念 ...............................................................................................3 鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理 ...............................................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池電動(dòng)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)生 ...............................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池放電過(guò)程的電化反應(yīng) ................................................................6 鉛酸蓄電池充電過(guò)程的電化反應(yīng) ................................................................7 鉛酸蓄電池充放電后電解液的變化 ............................................................7 蓄電池的充電工作特性 ...............................................................................................7 充電終止條件控制方法 .............................................................................................12 電壓控制 ..............................................................................................................12 定時(shí)控制 ..............................................................................................................13 溫度控制 ..............................................................................................................14 智能充電器的充電過(guò)程 .............................................................................................143 智能充電器的硬件設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................15 智能充電器的總體設(shè)計(jì)要求及設(shè)計(jì)方案 ......................................................15基于單片機(jī)的智能電池充電器的設(shè)計(jì) 單片機(jī)部分 ........................................................................................................................16 ADuC824 的介紹 .................................................................................................16 單片機(jī)電路部分 ................................................................................................21 充電電路設(shè)計(jì)部分 ........................................................................................................22 充電電路電源部分 .............................................................................................22 控制電路 ................................................................................................................22 檢測(cè)電路 ................................................................................................................254 智能充電器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................28 主程序軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................29 子程序軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................................305 結(jié)論 ......................................................................................................................................................32致謝 ..............................................................................................................................................................33參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................................................34附錄 ..............................................................................................................................................................35附錄 1 總電路圖 .......................................................................................................................35附錄 2 源程序 .............................................................................................................................36 1 緒論 研究背景早在六、七十年代，西方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為了保護(hù)環(huán)境就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研制各種各樣的綠色能源來(lái)代替汽油和柴油，但是，受到蓄電池，電控等關(guān)鍵部件的性能、壽