【正文】 il dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn39。如：With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。 五、分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。（原因狀語）Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./（因為）受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（程度狀語）The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。 定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought 。There is nothing to do today./今天無事要做。 副詞作定語：The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個9歲的，三個10歲的男孩。His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。The two boys are students./這兩個男孩是學(xué)生。 形容詞作定語：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需一支蘭色的鋼筆。我們稱之為：定語、狀語在前面學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上，讓我們一起來加深對“定語、狀語、同位語”的認(rèn)識！一、 定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。 15. 滿嘴食物去說話是不禮貌的。（模仿例句4） 12．他感到很難跟你交談。8．我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 4．令她驚訝的是，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個不同的世界了 。 I │have never heard │the song│sung that way before. 我從來沒聽這首歌這樣唱過5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么會這樣想？ The terrible sound│ made │the children│ frightened. 6. We │saw │him │out. 我們送他出去7. He │asked │me │to e back soon. 他要我早點回來。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。 5．我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？6．新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我開機器。3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。用for側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。6. He │said │Good morning. 他說：早上好！7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。這類動詞叫做及物動詞vt. 賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：you, me, us, her, him, them等 Ｓ │Ｖ（及物動詞vt.）│ Ｏ 【賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜，你能辨認(rèn)嗎？】1. Who │knows │the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。 8．公共汽車來了。 3．天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風(fēng)。 2. 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。t have time to get changed before the party. 以下語句是用___________作表語呢？：She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold. They got to be friends. The meeting turned out to be successful. He seems to be ill. The theory proved to be right. Much remains to be done. It remains to be proved. She sounds to be a very strange woman以下語句是用___________作表語呢？：That’s why he fell ill.　　 My idea is that we should help him.　　 It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. 　　 It appears that he is unhappy. It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house. 　　 Your voice sounds as if you had a cold.It looks as if it is going to rain.以下語句是用___________作表語呢？：He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday.They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave. The road is under repair.以下語句是用___________作表語呢？：His report was surprising / disappointing/ delighting/moving/ astonishing… 　　 The boy was moved/delighted/surprised/ disappointed/astonished… 　　 He has bee/ got/ grown interested in modern physics.　 He seems/ appears drunk. 難點：“There be+主語+狀語” 結(jié)構(gòu)： There be 后跟名詞，表示‘（存在）有某事物’。7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我們井干枯了。2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的氣味很好。 10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書館來借書。 6．這個重五公斤。9. The red sun │rises in the east.10. So they│ had to travel by air or boat. │got up early so as to catch the first bus.12. She│ sat there alone, reading a novel.13. He │came back when we were eating.14. Weak buildings│ will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones │may stay up there.1. 她昨天回家很晚。4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。以下我們分步來分解簡單句的五種基本句型：基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂）主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞（如boy），主格代詞（如you），動詞不定式，動名詞等。高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）、定語從句（形容詞性從句）和狀語從句（副詞性從句）。. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。s great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don39。 your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：I hope you are very well. I39。t C. do D. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. had C. send D. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. give C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，）① My brother hasn39。s help is very difficult.(二) 選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，）① I don39。 America is a developed country.（現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞） The man to give us the speech is a professor. (動詞不定式)The man upstairs came back late. Who is the man over there? (副詞) He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）He is reading an novel which is written by Hanhan. (定語從句)但：形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing等時放在這些詞之后。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make+賓語+賓補）。 助動詞have/has/had 幫助構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)和疑問句另：謂語有時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣，人稱的變化。謂語通常由動詞充當(dāng)，一般放在主語之后。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，表示所談的是“誰”或“什么”，一般位于句首，即在謂語之前。語法復(fù)習(xí)： 一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子