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20千瓦風(fēng)力發(fā)電機設(shè)計-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 systems. Because large wind installations consist of many wind generators, windparkmodeling is a critical need. Consequently, the second goals to present a methodology for bining several wind generators connected to the grid through a mon bus into a singleequivalent model.Wind generators are primarily classified as fixed speed or variable speed. With most fixedspeed units, the turbine drives an induction generator that is directly connected to the grid.The turbine speed varies very little due to the steep slope of the generator’s torquespeed characteristic; therefore, it is termed fixedspeed system. With a variablespeed unit, the generator is connected to the grid using powerelectronic converter technology. This allows the turbine speed to be controlled to maximize performance (., power capture). Both approaches areManuscript received February 3, 2004. This work was supported in part bythe Western Area Power Administration. Paper no. TPWRS003882003.The authors are with Montana Tech, University of Montana, Butte, MT59701USA ( dtrudnowski).Digital Object Identifier , we focus on modeling the fixedspeed unit and an equivalent model of severalFixedspeed units in a wind park.The firstmode mechanical frequency of a typical wind turbines in the 0 to 10Hz range; This is also the range for electromechanicaloscillations. Consequently, the mechanical vibrations of the wind turbine interact with the electromechanical dynamics. Examples of this interaction are shown in this paper. Therefore, in order to create an accurate model of a wind generatorto be used in transient stability studies, the firstmode mechanical turbine dynamics must be accurately represented. The windgenerator model presented here is derived by conducting model reduction on a detailed 650thorder finiteelement model of a typical horizontalaxis turbine. Aerodynamicand mechanical dynamics are reduced resulting in a nonlinear4thorder twoinertia turbine model bined with a standard generator model. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the model.A wind park consists of several wind generators connected toothed transmission system through a single bus. Because modeling each individual turbine for transient stability is overly cumbersome,our goal is to lump the wind park into a minimal setoff equivalent windgenerator models. Our approach for equivalence modeling of a wind park involves bining all turbines with the same mechanical natural frequency into a single equivalent turbine. Simulation results demonstrate this approach provides accurate results.II. PREVIOUS RESULTSA representative example of published results for modeling wind generators for transient stability is contained in [2]–[10].Results for modeling fixedspeed wind generators have focused on two primary approaches. The first approach represents the turbine and generator rotor as a single inertia thus ignoring the system’s。華中科技大學(xué)出版社。在這一個學(xué)期的設(shè)計過程中,王慧老師對我的設(shè)計提供了非常大的幫助,在這里深深的感謝您!從課題選擇、方案論證到具體設(shè)計和調(diào)試,無不凝聚著王老師的心血和汗水。在槳葉的設(shè)計中,由于無法完成對空氣動力學(xué)的研究,以及生產(chǎn)的困難,槳葉整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計較為簡單,在條件允許的情況下,應(yīng)對槳葉進(jìn)行虛擬仿真設(shè)計,進(jìn)行實際風(fēng)動實驗,以考慮其夾角,以及與圓盤輪轂夾角等問題。本文根據(jù)我國現(xiàn)有的風(fēng)力發(fā)電的基本理論,對風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的風(fēng)輪,主軸,槳葉軸,圓盤及其上面的其他元件。下托板與回轉(zhuǎn)體上端面聯(lián)接,中間放置滑環(huán)和滑輪組件。風(fēng)輪機在工作中由于風(fēng)向的隨機性導(dǎo)致其會發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)動此時由于發(fā)電機的輸出電能要通過電線電纜傳輸?shù)降孛鏋榱朔乐癸L(fēng)輪機機頭部在轉(zhuǎn)動過程中把電線電纜與內(nèi)部裝置纏在一起,就需要滑環(huán)。剎車帶的復(fù)位由彈簧套筒內(nèi)的彈簧來保證停止剎車后剎車皮與輪轂不在接觸。其中回轉(zhuǎn)軸的左右擺動問題通過滑動軸承來解決它能很好的解決由于頂部重心偏向前而引起對軸的彎矩,加強了回轉(zhuǎn)軸的抗彎強度。其主要性能及機構(gòu)特點:效率高,性能好,噪聲低,振動小,體積小,重量輕,運行可靠,維修方便等。(3)根據(jù)使用場所的環(huán)境條件,如溫度、濕度、灰塵、雨水、瓦斯以及腐蝕和易燃易爆氣體等考慮必要的保護方式,選擇發(fā)電的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 ,噪聲小。2)主要特點、重量輕。適用于軸向位移大,正、反轉(zhuǎn)或啟動頻繁傳動,因此選用彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器。圖31 主軸裝配圖Figure 31 Spindle assembly 圓盤作用在主軸上的力由下式計算得出 (35) (36)式中 V ── 圓盤體積,;── 圓盤質(zhì)量,kg;F ── 圓盤自重施加在主軸上的力,N;槳葉軸、槳葉作用在主軸上的力 (37)式中 ——六片槳葉、槳葉軸與圓盤整體自重,kg;──六片槳葉、槳葉軸與圓盤整體自重作用在主軸上的力,N;圓盤、槳葉、槳葉軸整體對主軸的彎矩強度校核如下:M=h==110400 (38) (39) 所以 選取d=100mm主軸軸頸校核強度滿足要求。3 風(fēng)力發(fā)電機的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 主軸的相關(guān)參數(shù)的選擇和計算1)主軸的軸頸估算如下式:mm (31) 估取主軸d=100mm 式中 d──主軸軸頸,mm;P──風(fēng)輪機輸入功率,kw;n──風(fēng)輪機額定轉(zhuǎn)速,r/min;A——主軸參數(shù),查表得A=110。取L=20mm時 (232)式中 —— 彈簧最小工作載荷  N2)當(dāng)V=16m/s時,此時槳葉所受力 (233) (234) (235)F總== (236)式中 —— 彈簧最大工作載荷  N3) 工作行程  (237) h= (238)==35mm圖 27 槳葉復(fù)位彈簧工作示意圖 The working sketch map of the replacement spring of blade彈簧類別  圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧端部結(jié)構(gòu)  端部并緊、磨平,支承圈為1圈彈簧材料  碳素彈簧鋼絲C級 4)初算彈簧剛度    (239)5)工作極限載荷  因是Ⅲ類載荷;  查表選=表22 彈簧有關(guān)參數(shù) Table of the parameter of springDD8406326)有效圈數(shù)n ,按表取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值n=22 (240)總?cè)?shù)  ?。?2+2=247)彈簧剛度  N/mm (241)8)工作極限載荷下的變形量  mm (242)9)節(jié)距t mm (243)10)自由高度 =nt+=+= mm (244)11)彈簧外徑  =D+d=40+8=48mm (245)12)彈簧內(nèi)徑?。紻d=408=32 mm  (246)13)螺旋角=arctan (247)14)展開長度L mm (248)15)最小載荷時高度 mm (249)14)最大載荷時的高度  mm (250)15)極限載荷時的高度   = mm (251)16)實際工作行程h   h===35177。3)混合調(diào)節(jié) 這種調(diào)節(jié)方式是前兩種功率調(diào)節(jié)方式的組合。2)變槳距角調(diào)節(jié) 變槳距角型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機能使風(fēng)輪葉片的安裝角隨風(fēng)速而變化,風(fēng)速增大時,槳距角向迎風(fēng)面積減小的方向轉(zhuǎn)動一個角度,相當(dāng)于增大槳距角,從而減小攻角,風(fēng)力機功率相應(yīng)增大。如果槳距角不變,隨著風(fēng)速增加,攻角相應(yīng)增大,開始升力會增大,到一定攻角后,尾緣氣流分離區(qū)增大,形成大的渦流,上下翼面壓力差減小,升力迅速減少,造成葉片失速(與飛機的機翼失速機理一樣),自動限制了功率的增加。這樣也同時限制了槳葉承受的負(fù)荷和整個風(fēng)力機受到的沖擊,從而保證風(fēng)力機安全不受損害。圖22風(fēng)輪前后流場Figure 2 2 Wind flow around 設(shè) , , (211)由伯努利方程 (212)作用在風(fēng)輪上的軸向力F=A()=
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