動物生理學3血液下-全文預覽
【正文】 Experiments with blood transfusions have been carried out for hundreds of years. Many patients have died and it was not until 1901, when the Austrian Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups, that blood transfusions became safer. He found that mixing blood from two individuals can lead to blood clumping. The clumped RBCs can crack and cause toxic reactions. This can be fatal. Red Blood Cell Grouping 已發(fā)現了 29個不同的紅細胞血型系統(tǒng)，與臨床關系最為密切的是 ABO血型系統(tǒng)和 Rh血型系統(tǒng) ABO(H) blood group system ? Agglutinogen Antigen ? agglutinin Antibody Rh 血型系統(tǒng) 約 99%的漢族人為 Rh陽性，僅1%為陰性。 有維護血管內皮完整性的功能 ，并參與止血反應 。 Leukocyte ? 4~10 x 109/L ? 白細胞包括：粒細胞 granulocyte（中性粒細胞、嗜酸性粒細胞、嗜堿性粒細胞）、單核細胞 monocyte、淋巴細胞 lymphocyte （分類計數） Granulocytes Neutrophilic granulocytes 5070% Eosinophilic granulocytes 24% Basophilic granulocytes 0,51% Lymphocytes 2540% (T and Blymphocytes) Monocytes 48% ? 除淋巴細胞外，所有白細胞都能伸出偽足作變形運動。與脂肪代謝及過敏反應有關 ? 嗜酸性粒細胞 (eosinophil) 限制嗜堿性粒細胞在速發(fā)性過敏反應中的作用；參與對蠕蟲的免疫反應 ? 單核細胞 (monocyte) 胞體較大，有更強的吞噬能力，進入組織成為巨噬細胞 ? 淋巴細胞 (lymphocyte)
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