【正文】 y seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.By definition(定義,解說), an accident is something you can not predict(預(yù)言,預(yù)告,預(yù)測) or avoid(避免,回避,躲開), and the idea which used to be current(當(dāng)前的,通用的), that the majority (多數(shù),大多數(shù))of road accidents are caused by a minority(少數(shù)) of criminally careless(粗心的) drivers, is not supported by insurance(保險(xiǎn),保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)) statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì),統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字). These show that most accidents involve(使卷入,牽涉) ordinary (普通的)motorists(開汽車的人) in a moments of carelessness(粗心) or thoughtlessness.(欠考慮的,自私的)It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions(條件,狀況) make people more likely(可能的,很可能) to have an accident. For instance(例子,實(shí)例,事例), the law requires(需要,要求) all factories to take safety precautions and most panies(公司) have safety mittees(委員會(huì),全體委員) to make sure the regulations (規(guī)則,規(guī)章,管理)are observed(觀察), but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are injured (傷害,損害,損傷)from work due(由于,應(yīng)歸于) to accidents. These accidents are largely the result of human error (錯(cuò)誤,差錯(cuò))or misjudgment—noise and fatigue(疲勞,勞累), boredom(煩惱,無聊) or worry are possible factors (因素)which contribute(有助于….,促成) to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety(焦慮,憂慮,渴望) level, run three times the normal risk (風(fēng)險(xiǎn),危險(xiǎn),冒險(xiǎn))of accidents at work.6. The passage suggests that________.A) Accidents are usually caused by psychological(心理的,心理學(xué)的) factors.B) Accidents mostly result(是由….造成的) from slippery(滑的,使人滑跤的) roads.C) Drinkers run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories.D) About 50 000people lose their lives at work in Britain every day.7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned(提到,說起) as a factor of accidents?A) Mood. (心情,情緒,語氣) B) Tiredness.(疲勞的,累的) C) Carelessness (粗心) D) Weather8. The word “accidentsprone”( )means________.A) likely to have accidents B) injured in accidentsC) possible to die in accidents D) responsible(有責(zé)任的,負(fù)責(zé)的) for road accidents9. What can we infer(推論,推斷,猜想) about the author’ opinion (意見,看法)of accidents?A) Safety precautions(預(yù)防,警惕) are of little use in accidents.B) Many accidents can and should be avoided.(避免)C) Factory accidents , unlike (不像,和….不同)road accidents, are inevitable(不可避免的).D) Most road accidents are caused by just a few careless(粗心的) drivers.10. The best title for the passage would be __________.A) Accidents and Anxiety(焦慮,憂慮,渴望)B) How to Deal with Accidents on Road and in FactoriesC) Human Factors in AccidentsD) How to Prevent(防止,阻止) Accidents on Road and in FactoriesPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King, Frederick II, in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants(嬰兒) died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation(剝奪,喪失) here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity(能力,容量) to survive(幸免于,活下來) is seriously affected.Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless(然而,仍然), some children are still backward(向后的,向后) in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive (不敏感的)to the signals(信號(hào)) of the infant, whose brain(腦力,智能) is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical(緊要的,關(guān)鍵性的) times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive(敏感的,靈敏的) periods are neglected(忽略,忽視), the ideal time for acquiring(取得,獲得,學(xué)到) language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.Linguists(語言學(xué)家)suggest that speech stages(階段) are reached in a fixed sequence(連續(xù),繼續(xù)) and at a constant(經(jīng)常的) age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually(終于,最后) turns out to be of high IQ.Recent evidence(根據(jù)) suggests that an infant is born with the capacity(能力) to speak. What is special about Man’s brain(腦力,智能) pared(比較,對照) with that of the monkey, is the plex (復(fù)雜的)system which enables(使能夠,使可能) a child to connect the sight and feel of , say, a teddybear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern (式樣)“teddybear”. But speech has to be stimulated(刺激,激發(fā)), and this depends on interaction (相互作用,干擾)between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals(信號(hào)) in the child’s babbling(牙牙學(xué)語), grasping(貪心的,貪婪的), crying, smiling, and responds(響應(yīng)) to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls(枯燥的,不鮮明的) the interaction because the child gets discouraged (泄氣的)and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity(敏感) to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential(必要的) to the growth and development language.11. Frederick II’s experiment was violent because_________. A) he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak B)he ignored the importance of mothering to the infant C) he was unkind to the nurse D) he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue12. The reason some children are backward in speaking today that_________. A) their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak B) their mothers are not intelligent(聰明的,理智的) enough to help them C) they do not listen carefully to their mothers D) their brains have to absorb(吸收) too much language at once.13. By “critical(緊要的,關(guān)鍵性的) times” in Paragraph 3 the author means__________. A) difficult periods in the child’s life B) moments when the child bees critical to its mother C) important stages(階段) in the child’s development D) times when mothers often neglect(忽視,忽略,疏忽) their children14. Which of the following in NOT implied in the passage? A) Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn(天生的,天賦的) in man B) Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speak C) Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent D) Most