【正文】 Puritan。 nationalism (his desire to find a ideal king) 2) adoption and adaptation 3) master of drama。 ? Macbeth。 ? The Merchant of Venice。 )‖ 1) Life and Career (P6266) Shakespeare wrote 5 long narrative or descriptive poems, 154 sons and 37 (?39) plays (including historic, romantic edies and tragedies) within 25 years. 2) Dramatic Career—4 periods ① 1590—1594 (apprenticeship period: optimism, marked with youthful dreams and exuberant spirit) He wrote five history plays and four edies such as The edy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew. ② 1595—1600 (highly individualized) He wrote five histories。 ? In 1587, wrote his play Tamburlaine。 ? 1618, he became the Lord Chancellor and was made a peer。 ? 1579 wrote The Shepard’s calendar ? 1580 was made private secretary to Lord Grey。 c. propose some principal which became goals the later generations pursue。 or out of many good ones one principal good one. ② Influence on religion and English language and literature。 5. Francis Bacon and his works 6. Appreciation. ? Time Span: 3 weeks 1. Historical Background 1. The Tudor Dynasty (都鐸王朝 ) ① After the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485), the feudalism was weakened. Henry VII (1485—1509), taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor Dynasty. (1485—1603). ② Break with Roman : During the reign of Henry VIII (1509—1547), he declared the break from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 and he himself to be the Supreme Head of the Anglican Church. After that, Protestantism had been gaining ground. 2. Queen Elizabeth (1558—1603) ① In 1588, a war with Spain broke out and ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet ―Armada‖ (invincible). It is a victory of England and the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. It leads to the colonization abroad and the prosperity of culture. The colonial expansion also helped to accumulate capital for the development of capitalism. ② Towards the end of the reign of and the ascension of James I, the conflicts between the king and the rising bourgeoisie intensified. 3. Printing and the Enclosure Movement The introduction of printing to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical works within reach of the mon multitude. The broke from the Pope led to the creation of the new aristocracy and enclosure of mon land to be used for pasturage (wool for export? ―ship devoured men‖) led to the centralization of power. 2. Cultural Background Renaissance Renaissance: rebirth of learning, the name monly applied to the period of European history following the Middle Ages。 Essay (English Prose) ? Target: This unit introduces the literary history of English Tudor Dynasty, which is also called Elizabethan Age. It is an age of Renaissance and the literature is very prosperous. Hence the students are required to know several great figures of this period, like Shakespeare, Bacon, etc, and to appreciate their works. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 William Shakespeare。 ? Preview the Elizabethan Age. Unit 4 The Elizabethan Age (1485—1625) ? Key Words: Elizabethan Age。 2) works adopted from the Italian。 ② the growth of nationality . a strong centralized government (The high feudal society [distinction between two classes: landlords and peasants]) ③ Language: By the end of the 14th C, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But it became something different from the old AngloSaxon. 2. The Rising of 1381 ? English peasants lived a misery life. A disease called Black Death swept over the country (1348—49), and 1/3 of the population perished of the terrible plague. ? Hundred years war between England and France (1337—1453)。 ? Preview The Period of Middle English Unit 3 The Period of Middle English (1066— 1485) ? Key Words: Medieval Period, Ballads, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales ? Target: This unit introduces the literary history between Roman Conquest and the end of the Wars of Roses and the literary contribution: The Canterbury Tales. ? Study Points: 1. Historical Background。 3. The Song of Beowulf。 ? Literature as Function (Socrates/Horace/Milton) ? Literature as Expression of Emotions (Keats/Wordsworth) ? Literature as Literature (Poe/Swinburne) Suggested Definition: Literature is a linguistic stylization of experiences lifted from mere bodily response to stimuli, to the plane of imaginative and spiritual (psychological) response. The Value of Literature: (Literature is a reflection of life and a record of human experiences.) ? Art and literature reveal to us the things people treasure and admire, the things people praise and advocate as the true, the good and the beautiful, as well as the things they fear and hate most deeply, the things they denounce and do away with as the false, the evil and the ugly. ? Art and literature are not only something we find desirable and enjoyable。 4. Importance of literature。Unit 1 Introduction of Literature ? Key Words: Introduction, course, English Literature, history ? Target: This unit is to provide a general introduction to this course: the definition, value, quality, importance。 3. Basic quality of literature。 7. Target of this course 8. The Frame of History of British Literature. Definition of Literature: ? Literature as Mimesis/imitation (Plato/Aristotle/Alexander Pope)。 2. The definition of epic。s mother ? the mortal bat with the Fire Dragon 3. Social Significance of Beowulf A. provides insight into the best qualities of the newer culture they were building in England and mirrors their ideals (reflection of the features of the tribal society of ancient times) B. reflects the typical tone of their literature, with its emphasis on the darker emotions, its grim scenery, its vigorous portray