細(xì)胞和組織的適應(yīng)與損傷-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 thology Dry gangrene department of pathology dry gangrene department of pathology Wet (moist) gangrene department of pathology 324. Oute of necrosis ⅰ . Autolysis or heterolysis acute inflammation ⅱ . are removed by phagocytes or blood vessel and lymph vessel ⅲ . abruption and exclusion ⅳ . anization ⅴ . encapsulation and calcification department of pathology Oute of necrosis ⅴ ⅳ ⅲ ⅱ ⅰ department of pathology 33. apoptosis Apoptosis is energy dependent mechanism of cell death for the deletion of unwanted individual cell,it is also known as ?programmed cell death?. department of pathology Inhibition of apoptosis cell accumulation . neoplasia (tumour) Increase of apoptosis cell loss . atrophy (brain) department of pathology A 14yearsold boy shows the signs of accelerated aging Abnormal apoptosis aging department of pathology Apoptosis can be either physiological or pathological Physiological: ? maintenance of an size in adults ? an development ? remodelling in embryo Pathological: ? response to irreparable DNA damage ? preventing the perpetuation of a geically abnormal cell department of pathology Stages of apoptosis: The process of apoptosis occurs the following four stages. activation of the cell department of pathology : Synthesis of enzymes . proteases and nucleases No structural cellular changes department of pathology activation: endonucleases chromatin DNA fragmentation proteases cytoskeleton shrinkage plasma membrane anelles remain intact department of pathology of the cell: fragmentation into apoptotic bodies apoptotic bodies contains intact plasma membranes absence of any inflammation department of pathology department of pathology department of pathology department of pathology Apoptotic bodies department of pathology Apoptotic fragments are phagocytosed and destroyed by adjacent cells. Surrounding cells then move together to fill vacant space. department of pathology department of pathology Apoptotic bodies phagocyte phagocytosis department of pathology necrosis apoptosis normal inflammation phagocytosis department of pathology injury recovery normal cell normal cell death necrosis apoptosis department of pathology Apoptosis department of pathology necrosis department of pathology the key difference between necrosis and apoptosis Feature Necrosis Apoptosis occurrence Pathological conditions Physiological or pathological conditions Number of cells involved More than one cell in the group Single cells Cellular status Cell membrane broken Cell membrane remains whole appearances Swelling and lysis of cell Shrinkage and fragmentation of cell Surrounding response Inflammatory cell present None Destiny of dead cells Phagocytosed by inflammatory cells Phagocytosed by adjacent cells in the same tissue department of pathology 2022年度諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予三位在 凋亡研究領(lǐng)域 作出重大貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)家。 ? describe the mechanisms of cell death and histological types of necrosis。 morphological change。 Sydney Brenner,(1927~)英國(guó)科學(xué)家， Salk生物研究所 John Sulston,(1942~),英國(guó)科學(xué)家 ,劍橋大學(xué)Sanger中心 Robert Horvitz, (1947~),美國(guó)科學(xué)家，麻省理工學(xué)院 32. necrosis Cell death : Cells can be recognized as dead with metabolism stopped, morphologic pattern changed, function disappeared. Cell death may be two types: necrosis and apoptosis department of pathology 321. What is “ necrosis”? Necrosis is the death of cells or tissues which are still part of the living anism. department of pathology 322. Base lesion normal pyknosis karyorrhexis karyolysis types ? coagulative necrosis caseous necrosis gangrene (dry, moist, gas) ? liquefactive necrosis ( colliquative necrosis ) fat necrosis ? fibrinoid necrosis ? gangrene department of patholo
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