【正文】 Performing Diversified Indentured Industrialists spend little on Ramp。 Hoenig 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 27 Comparing High amp。 Hoenig 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 24 Early Lessons from In Search of Excellence Excellent firms are characterized by (among other things: Bias for Action Close to the Customer Autonomy amp。 Empirical 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 16 In such a classical market setting, it important to consider economies of scale ? One of the lessons of the Japanese manufacuring triumphs of the last three decades has been the importance of learning, through repetitive manufacturing. ? Yet, learning, especially when based on repetition, es with the risk of rigidity if the focus is toomuch on consistent costreduction. 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 17 The Importance of Market Maturity empirical research on 113 US manufacturing firms by CEIBS faculty ?nearly one half of the revenues generated by the 11 most successful firms ?came from mature markets. However, 77 percent of revenues for 15 of the least successful firms came from mature markets. Capon, Farley amp。2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 1 Lessons from Competitve Experiences . Fischer CEIBS, Shanghai February 1, 1999 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 2 Understanding Rivalry: The Heart of the Competitive Equation 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 3 The Nature of Economic Inquiry ?the focus of economics [from a Western, marketoriented perspective] has largely been on how well an economy allocates resources, given preferences and technologies. Richard R. Nelson especially where firms are the principal allocating agents 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 4 The Nature of the Players ?economists tend to see firms as players in a multiactor economic game ... Richard R. Nelson 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 5 The Nature of Rivalry The essence of rivalry is a striving for potentially inpatible positions ? Frederic M. Scherer ?the jockeying for share by firms within a market. Besanko, Dranove amp。 Empirical 2020/7/6 William A. Fischer 14 In such a classical market setting, it is important to consider economies of scale ? But even in such a nonplex setting, bigger was not always better. ? One of the lessons of the Japanese manufacuring triumphs of the last three decades has been the importance of learning, through repetitive manufacturing, which is different than just being bigger or smarter. 2020/7/6 15 The Centrality of Scale Economies ? The Economics of the Industrial Revolution Static Economies Dynamic Economies Cost per Unit Rated Capacity of Facility Cost per Unit Cumulative Production of A Standardized Item Theoretical amp。 it follows. It is losing market share, it is losing capabilities, it has the wrong set of petencies, it is demoralized, its activities have little impact. In fact, all around us we can observe panies that are in a state worse than death they have joined