【正文】 ............................................................................ 1 灌溉用水量 ............................................................................................................. 2 灌排渠系調(diào)整 ......................................................................................................... 2 灌排系統(tǒng)設計 ......................................................................................................... 3 渠系水和田間水利用系數(shù) .................................................................................... 3 工程改造總體布局 ...................................................................................................... 3 基本要求 ................................................................................................................. 3 灌溉輸水及排水系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................. 4 渠系建筑物 ............................................................................................................. 4 工程改造措施選擇 ...................................................................................................... 5 渠道工程 ................................................................................................................. 5 低壓管道輸水工程 ................................................................................................. 5 渠系建筑物 ............................................................................................................. 6 量水工程 ................................................................................................................. 6 田間地面灌溉工程與 灌溉技術(shù) ............................................................................ 6 排水工程 ................................................................................................................. 7 2 渠道防滲工程技術(shù) ................................................................................................................ 7 基本要求 ...................................................................................................................... 7 混凝土防滲 .................................................................................................................. 9 U 型 混凝土渠道防滲 ................................................................................................ 10 防滲渠道的凍脹防治 ................................................................................................ 12 防滲渠道的維修 ........................................................................................................ 14 3 渠系建筑物修建技術(shù) ......................................................................................................... 18 渠系建筑物修建的技術(shù)要求 ................................................................................... 18 中國灌溉排水發(fā)展中心 III 渡槽 ............................................................................................................................. 19 倒虹吸 ......................................................................................................................... 21 涵洞 ............................................................................................................................. 22 橋梁 ............................................................................................................................. 23 跌水 ............................................................................................................................. 24 陡坡 ............................................................................................................................. 25 閘門 ............................................................................................................................. 25 4 量水設備與量水技術(shù) ......................................................................................................... 26 對量水設備與量水技術(shù)的要求 ............................................................................... 26 薄壁量水堰 ................................................................................................................ 27 量水槽 ......................................................................................................................... 28 轉(zhuǎn)輪式量水計 ............................................................................................................ 30 水表測流技術(shù) ............................................................................................................ 30 5 田間地面灌溉工程與灌水技術(shù) ......................................................................................... 32 基本要求 .................................................................................................................... 32 平整土地技術(shù) ............................................................................................................ 32 畦灌技術(shù) .................................................................................................................... 36 溝灌技術(shù) .................................................................................................................... 40 格田灌技術(shù) ................................................................................................................ 43 膜上灌技術(shù) ................................................................................................................. 43 波涌灌溉技術(shù) ............................................................................................................. 45 閘管灌溉技術(shù) ............................................................................................................. 46 水平畦田灌溉技術(shù) ..................................................................................................... 48 控制性分根交替灌溉技術(shù) .............