【正文】
(滿檔 )、 08( 80%)、 06( 60%)、 04( 40%)、 02( 20%)、 01( 10)、 00(空) 10 七個(gè)檔 ,顯示水箱水位。避免出現(xiàn)無水可用及干燒等情況。通過對太陽能熱水器控制系統(tǒng)功能分析可以設(shè)計(jì)出太陽能熱水器控制系統(tǒng)框圖,如圖 所示。智能輔助加熱,溫度合適即停止加熱。太陽能集熱器和蓄熱水箱可以分開安裝 ,集熱器可以安裝在房頂 ,容易采光的地方 ,且可以與房屋外形外形相結(jié)合。集熱器正面在陽光照射下溫度升高,集熱管背陽面沒有太陽光輻射溫度就會(huì)低,而集熱器管內(nèi)水便有了溫度差異,由于熱水比重較小上浮,冷水比重較大就會(huì)下沉,吸熱管內(nèi)的水吸熱后溫度升高,比重減小而上升,構(gòu)成一個(gè)熱虹吸系統(tǒng),產(chǎn)生向上的力促進(jìn)水流的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 8 第一章 硬件及結(jié)構(gòu) 第一節(jié) 框圖體系及結(jié)構(gòu) 一、 太陽能熱水器工作原理及總體結(jié)構(gòu) 太陽能熱水器的基本原理主要是利用溫室原理將自然界的太陽光能轉(zhuǎn)化為供人類使用的熱能,通過把水從低溫度加熱到高溫度,以滿足人們在生活、生產(chǎn)中的熱水使用?,F(xiàn)有的控制方案多由水位傳感器根據(jù)缺水或滿水時(shí)發(fā)出的不同信號(hào)控制半導(dǎo)體器件的通斷 ,從而進(jìn)一步控制繼電器、電磁閥的開合狀態(tài) ,來進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水與否。而傳統(tǒng)電加熱溫度控制具有升溫單向性、大慣性、大滯后性和時(shí)變性的特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用傳統(tǒng)的模擬電路控制方法,很難達(dá)到理想的控制效果。目前市場上太陽能熱水器的控制系統(tǒng)大多存在功能單一、操作復(fù)雜、 控制不方便等問題 ,很多控制器只具有溫度和水位顯示功能 ,且誤差較大。許多國家都對太陽能產(chǎn)業(yè)給予了高度重視, 比如德國就提出了太陽能市場激勵(lì)計(jì)劃,以色列更是明文規(guī)定,所有新建房屋必須配備太陽能熱水器。這些都為太陽能熱水器的發(fā)展提供了必備的技術(shù)環(huán)境。其中在 30 萬噸的 的玻璃中大約有 28 萬噸用于真空管的生產(chǎn)。 1979 年,第一個(gè)全玻璃真空管集熱器在我國研發(fā)成功。 2020 年太陽能熱水器的銷售額近 300 億元,為社會(huì)提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)近 60 多萬個(gè)。另外我國一次能源以煤為主,這和世界其他國家一次能源以石油為主有所不同。 (3)太陽能熱水器發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 我國能源資源總量位于世界前列,但由于我國人口基數(shù)較大,人均能源資源的占有量還不足世界人均能源資源占有量的一半。為了解決這些問題,世界各國都在尋求新的替代型能源,以尋求可持續(xù)發(fā)展并能在今后的發(fā)展中獲取有利地位。“十二五”期間,我國政府提出了多項(xiàng)關(guān)于節(jié)能減排、發(fā)展清潔能源、可再生能源的目標(biāo)措施,全力發(fā)展太陽能等低碳無碳能源,要求到 2020 年全國家庭太陽能熱水器普及率達(dá)到 20%至 30% 5 的目標(biāo)。國家發(fā)改委出臺(tái)的《推進(jìn)全國太陽能熱利用工作實(shí)施方案》中指出,我國即將制定太陽能熱水器的強(qiáng)制安裝政策。這些新能源相對于傳統(tǒng)的能源有一系列的優(yōu)點(diǎn):對環(huán)境造成污染小、發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ蟆⒖捎谰美玫?。隨著人民生活水平的提高以及低碳生活觀念的不斷深入人心,太陽能熱水器已經(jīng)為大眾所接受,并走進(jìn)了千家萬戶。 關(guān)鍵字 ....................................................................................................... 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。s renewable energy market demand is one of the largest and most rapid product development. However, most of the solar energy water heater control system on the market at present is single function, plex operation, it is not convenient to control the problem, a lot of controller with functions of temperature and water level show, only and the error is bigger. The main existing problems are the following two aspects: (1) does not have temperature control function. When due to weather or climate and light intensity is insufficient, the solar energy water heater will reach bath temperature requirements, to inconvenience water heater water heater users. Even if part of the solar water heater with auxiliary heating function, and is usually used in electric heating mode. And traditional electric heating temperature control heating unipolarity, big inertia, big lag and timevarying characteristics, application of the traditional analog control method, it is difficult to achieve ideal control effect. May also be the result of the heating time cannot control burnt, thus wasting electricity. (2) water control usually USES the manual control, water is not easy to find, cause the waste of water resources. Or a socalled water level control, is done by setting the solar water heater tank water when the function of automatic filling water, the water is full automatic water supply. Current control scheme is much by water level sensor based on lack of water or with water of different signal control onoff of semiconductor devices, thus further control the opening and closing state of the relay, solenoid valve, or not to water. This scheme is easy to cause the loss of the user in the process of using water filling water, mix water problems. For home users, a day in the use of hot water is not a great difference, if at any time when using filling water, mix water and then need to add plementary heat. So for manual control and midrange solar water heater, we aim to use the control of water level sensor to develop a more intelligent, more economic and automatic water control system of the solar water heater. The system has the following advantages: you can set up time, external extension ability strong, easy to use, short development cycle, lower development costs. Meet the requirements of economy, practicality, scientific. Key words: solar energy water heater。 這套系統(tǒng)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):可以自定上水時(shí)間 、外部擴(kuò)展能力強(qiáng)、使用 方便、開發(fā)周期短、開發(fā)費(fèi)用低?,F(xiàn)有的控制方案