【正文】 relatively backward,and the application of solar energy is restricted by many widen the use of solar energy and increase the utilization of solar energy,the solar energy traking and driving system is designed in this system can guarantee that the deviceice of utilizing solar energy is vertical to sun streams,and it has simple structure, low cost and high tracking system can be used in many kinds of solar installations such as solar cooker and solar water heater,and it has certain practical value. In the paper,the designed solar tracking and drive control system are mainly posed of three major ponents:sensors,controllers and mechanical tracking sensor is mainly posed of four photocell which could achieve largescale tracking the is used as the core in the circuit design and production are system hardware circuits are posed of analog input circuit,the motor drive circuit,power circuit and so on. Keywords:Solar tracking,sensor, controller,tracking platform IV 目錄 中文摘要 ……………………………………………………… ……… Ⅰ 英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… .....Ⅱ 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 ........................................................................................................... 1 太陽能的特點 .......................................................................................... 1 太陽能利用基本方式 .............................................................................. 2 我國太陽能資源及利用情況 .................................................................. 2 課題意義 ........................................................................................................... 3 國內外研究現狀 ............................................................................................... 3 主要內容 ........................................................................................................... 4 論文結構 ........................................................................................................... 4 2 系統(tǒng)工作原理及總體設計 ................................................................... 5 太陽運動規(guī)律 ................................................................................................... 5 太陽與地球的位置關系 .......................................................................... 5 相關角度的計算 ...................................................................................... 6 跟蹤控制方式的比較 ....................................................................................... 7 視日運動運動軌跡跟蹤 .......................................................................... 7 光電跟蹤 ................................................................................................... 8 視日運動軌跡跟蹤和光電跟蹤相結合 .................................................. 8 系統(tǒng)工作原理圖 ............................................................................................... 8 3 太陽跟蹤及驅動控制系統(tǒng)硬件設計 ................................................... 9 硬件總體設計方案 ........................................................................................... 9 傳感器結構及信號采集處理電路 ................................................................... 9 光電池的特性參數 ................................................................................... 9 光電池的型號 ......................................................................................... 10 跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)硬件設計 ................................................................................. 10 V 單片機 C8051F020 的簡介 .................................................................... 10 電源電路 ................................................................................................. 11 外部時鐘電路 ......................................................................................... 11 復位電路 ................................................................................................. 12 C8051F020 的 ADC0 子系統(tǒng) ........................................................................ 13 開關量輸入電路 ............................................................................................. 14 步進電機驅動與控制模塊 ............................................................................. 15 步進電機簡述 ........................................................................................ 15 步進電機控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 15 串并行控制 ............................................................................................ 16 步進電機細分驅動控制 ........................................................................ 16 步進電機加減速控制 ............................................................................ 17 步進電機驅動電路 ................................................................................ 18 步進電機型號 ........................................................................................ 20 傳動部分 ......................................................................................................... 20 4 結論 .................................................................................................... 22 參考文獻 ............................................................................................... 23 致謝 ....................................................................................................... 24 學位論文知識產權聲明 ........................................................................ 25 學位論文獨創(chuàng)性聲明 ........................................................................... 26 附錄 硬件原理圖 ........................................27 1 緒論 1 1 緒論 課題背景 太陽能的特點 能源是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質基礎。地球上的資源是有限的，礦物質燃料在數量上也是有限的并以不斷增長的速度在消耗。在眾多可再生清潔能源中，太陽能就是理想的替代能源。 1013 千億噸，是目前世界主要能源探明儲量的一萬倍。雖然由于緯度的不同、氣候條件的差異造成了太陽能輻射的不均勻，但相對于其它能源來說，對于地球上絕大多數地區(qū)而言太陽能具有存在的普遍性，可就地取用。 ④利用的經濟性。 太陽能雖然具有上面所說的許多優(yōu)點，并且其中有些優(yōu)點還是它所特有的。也就是說，在單位時間內投射到單位面積上的太陽能是相當少的。 ②太陽能的另一個弱點就是它的不穩(wěn)定性。而在單位