【正文】 relatively backward,and the application of solar energy is restricted by many widen the use of solar energy and increase the utilization of solar energy,the solar energy traking and driving system is designed in this system can guarantee that the deviceice of utilizing solar energy is vertical to sun streams,and it has simple structure, low cost and high tracking system can be used in many kinds of solar installations such as solar cooker and solar water heater,and it has certain practical value. In the paper,the designed solar tracking and drive control system are mainly posed of three major ponents:sensors,controllers and mechanical tracking sensor is mainly posed of four photocell which could achieve largescale tracking the is used as the core in the circuit design and production are system hardware circuits are posed of analog input circuit,the motor drive circuit,power circuit and so on. Keywords:Solar tracking,sensor, controller,tracking platform IV 目錄 中文摘要 ……………………………………………………… ……… Ⅰ 英文摘要 ………………………………………………………… .....Ⅱ 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 ........................................................................................................... 1 太陽能的特點(diǎn) .......................................................................................... 1 太陽能利用基本方式 .............................................................................. 2 我國(guó)太陽能資源及利用情況 .................................................................. 2 課題意義 ........................................................................................................... 3 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................... 3 主要內(nèi)容 ........................................................................................................... 4 論文結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................................... 4 2 系統(tǒng)工作原理及總體設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................... 5 太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律 ................................................................................................... 5 太陽與地球的位置關(guān)系 .......................................................................... 5 相關(guān)角度的計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 6 跟蹤控制方式的比較 ....................................................................................... 7 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡跟蹤 .......................................................................... 7 光電跟蹤 ................................................................................................... 8 視日運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡跟蹤和光電跟蹤相結(jié)合 .................................................. 8 系統(tǒng)工作原理圖 ............................................................................................... 8 3 太陽跟蹤及驅(qū)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................... 9 硬件總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ........................................................................................... 9 傳感器結(jié)構(gòu)及信號(hào)采集處理電路 ................................................................... 9 光電池的特性參數(shù) ................................................................................... 9 光電池的型號(hào) ......................................................................................... 10 跟蹤控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 10 V 單片機(jī) C8051F020 的簡(jiǎn)介 .................................................................... 10 電源電路 ................................................................................................. 11 外部時(shí)鐘電路 ......................................................................................... 11 復(fù)位電路 ................................................................................................. 12 C8051F020 的 ADC0 子系統(tǒng) ........................................................................ 13 開關(guān)量輸入電路 ............................................................................................. 14 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制模塊 ............................................................................. 15 步進(jìn)電機(jī)簡(jiǎn)述 ........................................................................................ 15 步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 15 串并行控制 ............................................................................................ 16 步進(jìn)電機(jī)細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)控制 ........................................................................ 16 步進(jìn)電機(jī)加減速控制 ............................................................................ 17 步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路 ................................................................................ 18 步進(jìn)電機(jī)型號(hào) ........................................................................................ 20 傳動(dòng)部分 ......................................................................................................... 20 4 結(jié)論 .................................................................................................... 22 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................... 23 致謝 ....................................................................................................... 24 學(xué)位論文知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明 ........................................................................ 25 學(xué)位論文獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 ........................................................................... 26 附錄 硬件原理圖 ........................................27 1 緒論 1 1 緒論 課題背景 太陽能的特點(diǎn) 能源是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。地球上的資源是有限的，礦物質(zhì)燃料在數(shù)量上也是有限的并以不斷增長(zhǎng)的速度在消耗。在眾多可再生清潔能源中，太陽能就是理想的替代能源。 1013 千億噸，是目前世界主要能源探明儲(chǔ)量的一萬倍。雖然由于緯度的不同、氣候條件的差異造成了太陽能輻射的不均勻，但相對(duì)于其它能源來說，對(duì)于地球上絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)而言太陽能具有存在的普遍性，可就地取用。 ④利用的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 太陽能雖然具有上面所說的許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并且其中有些優(yōu)點(diǎn)還是它所特有的。也就是說，在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)投射到單位面積上的太陽能是相當(dāng)少的。 ②太陽能的另一個(gè)弱點(diǎn)就是它的不穩(wěn)定性。而在單位