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異步電機(jī)參數(shù)在線辨識(shí)技術(shù)的研究(硬件部分)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-全文預(yù)覽

  

【正文】 可知, 電動(dòng)機(jī)空載時(shí), 2P = 0, ? = 0。如圖 1— 7所示的第 3條曲線。 定子功率因數(shù)特性 1cos? = f ( 2P ) 空載時(shí) 1I = mI ,空載電流基本上是無(wú)功電流,因此功率因數(shù) 1cos? 很低,不超過(guò) 。 定子電流特性 1I = f ( 2P ) 電動(dòng)機(jī)空載時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)子電流 2I 差不多為 0,定子電流近似等于勵(lì)磁電流 mI 。當(dāng) 2P = NP 時(shí),Ns 也增大到 — 。 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 5 頁(yè) 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作特性曲線,分別介紹如 圖 17: 圖 17 轉(zhuǎn)速特性 n = f ( 2P ) 當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)空載時(shí),輸出功率為 2P 為 0。當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩與負(fù)載的阻轉(zhuǎn)矩在某一轉(zhuǎn)速下相等時(shí),電動(dòng)機(jī)就在這一轉(zhuǎn)速下正常運(yùn)行?,F(xiàn)在一對(duì)極只占半個(gè)圓周,固磁場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)速度較 2 極 電動(dòng)機(jī) 慢一半。 取 4 個(gè)特定時(shí)間: (如圖 15) 中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 第 3 頁(yè) 圖 15 可見(jiàn),旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)有如下特點(diǎn): 1)相當(dāng)空間有一個(gè)大小、極性、轉(zhuǎn)速不變的磁極在旋轉(zhuǎn); 2)產(chǎn)生一對(duì)極,共開(kāi) 6 個(gè)槽, 3 個(gè)線圈,跨矩為 1/2 圓周; 3)按 A,B,C 相序,磁場(chǎng)逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn) —— 稱正轉(zhuǎn); 4)當(dāng)電流變化一個(gè)周期 3600 時(shí),磁場(chǎng)在空間轉(zhuǎn)一圈( ?360 )。 三相對(duì)稱電流:指 A,B,C 三相電流大小相等,時(shí)間上互差 ?120 三相對(duì)稱繞組:指 A,B,C 三相繞組匝數(shù)相等,空間上互差 ?120 為構(gòu)成三相對(duì)稱繞組,繞組在定子中安放有一定的規(guī)律,規(guī)定: 1)三相定子繞組頭尾標(biāo)志為: AX,BY,CZ; 2)三相定子繞組按 AZBXCY 的順序放入定子槽內(nèi),使之空間互差 ?120 最簡(jiǎn)單的是每相一個(gè)線圈,三相繞組共 3 個(gè)線圈- 6 個(gè)線圈邊,定子上開(kāi)有 6 個(gè)槽。 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理 已知異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作三個(gè)條件首先是要有個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)。插銅條式轉(zhuǎn)子把所有的銅條與端環(huán)焊接在一起,形成短路繞組。繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子 繞組連接。轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯也是磁路的一部分,一般由 硅鋼片疊成,鐵芯與轉(zhuǎn)軸必須可靠地固定,以便傳遞機(jī)械功率。定子鐵芯的內(nèi)圓上開(kāi)有很多個(gè)定子槽,用來(lái)安放三相對(duì)稱繞組。按轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)不同,異步電動(dòng)機(jī)分為籠型異步電動(dòng)機(jī)和繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動(dòng)機(jī)兩種。 but its drawback is that the input signal demanding. Frequency analysis is based on the establishment of linear systems, it does not reflect the nonlinear characteristics of dynamic process. Second time domain identification method, the biggest advantage is the ability to automatically account for effect, once the identification of success, many factors are naturally included in the parameter estimates, the simple calculation is simple, without any additional requirement. But the timedomain identification method for online identification when there are some problems: If the surrounding environment。并提出了在 電動(dòng)機(jī) T參數(shù)模型下將轉(zhuǎn)子漏抗集中折算到定子側(cè)的 電動(dòng)機(jī) 參數(shù)識(shí)別方案。二為時(shí)域辨識(shí)法,其最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能夠自動(dòng)計(jì)及工況影響,一旦辨識(shí)成功, 很多因素都自然包含在參數(shù)的估計(jì)值中,簡(jiǎn)單易行、計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)便、不需附加任何其他條件。 異步 電動(dòng)機(jī) 的參數(shù)辨識(shí)既是基礎(chǔ)理論課題,又是應(yīng)用課題。在工廠和家庭中到處可以看到異步電動(dòng)機(jī)。在軋鋼廠中被用來(lái)拖動(dòng)小型軋機(jī),在相關(guān)工廠用來(lái)拖動(dòng)卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)和鼓風(fēng)機(jī)。隨著變頻技術(shù)的發(fā)展,異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)速性能已大大地得到了改善。頻響分析是建立在線性系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)上,它不能反映動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程中的非線性特征。 本文分析了上述辨識(shí)方法,結(jié)合實(shí)例對(duì)比分析了其應(yīng)用特點(diǎn) 。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 異步 電動(dòng)機(jī) ,在線 , 參數(shù)辨識(shí) ,辨識(shí)研究 ABSTRACT The use of a wide range of asynchronous motor, which throughout the various production sectors, higher capacity from tens of thousands of watts to kilowatts. In the rolling mill was used to drag a small mill, used to drag the winch in the relevant plant and blowers. Everywhere in the factory and the family can see the induction motor. The reason why asynchronous machines so widely used, mainly because of its simple structure, low cost and easy maintenance and better operating characteristics. However, there are asynchronous motor power factor is low, speed performance is not good enough shortings. With the development of inverter technology, induction motor speed performance has greatly improved. Induction motor parameter identification is based on theoretical topics, it is the application task. There are two types of identification methods. 1 for the frequency response method, the method is more mature in the calculation method, the algorithm stability is good and has some filtering。 and made T parameter model in the motor rotor to the stator leakage reactance of the side focus on conversion of motor parameter identification program. Through theoretical analysis, described the feasibility and the simulation results show its reliability and accuracy. Acceptable accuracy under the conditions of the program to identify ways simpler, faster, easy to implement, on the drive itself does not need big changes. Key words: induction motor, online, parameter identification, identification of 目 錄 1 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)原理 ........................................................ 1 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................... 1 定子的結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................... 1 轉(zhuǎn)子的結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................... 1 氣隙 ................................................................ 2 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理 ............................................ 2 旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)生 ...................................................... 2 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作原理 ............................................ 4 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作特性 ............................................... 4 轉(zhuǎn)速特性 n = f ( 2P ) ................................................. 5 定子電流特性 1I = f ( 2P ) ............................................. 5 定子功率因數(shù)特性 1cos? = f ( 2P ) ....................................... 5 電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩特性 T = f ( 2P ) ............................................ 5 效率特性 ? = f ( 2P ) .................................................. 5 2 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的參數(shù)辨識(shí)發(fā)展概述 .............................................. 7 發(fā)展情況 .......................................................... 7 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)辨識(shí)的種類 ............................................ 9 在線參數(shù)辨識(shí)的目 的和意義 ........................................... 11 3 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)參數(shù)在線辨識(shí)原理 ............................................... 12 參數(shù)在線辨識(shí)原理 .................................................. 12 影響異步電動(dòng)機(jī)在線參數(shù)的因素 ....................................... 12 三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的 T型等效電路 ....................................... 13 電機(jī)參數(shù)辨識(shí)常用試驗(yàn)方法 .......................................... 16 4 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................. 18 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................... 18 溫度檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) .................................................. 19 ................................................... 19 ............................................. 20 ....................................................... 21 檢測(cè)電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 22 ATmega16 芯片 ..................................................... 23 引腳設(shè)置 ........................................................... 23 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 24 振蕩電路設(shè)計(jì) ............
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