【正文】 管口反射系數(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼈儗⒐艿纼?nèi)的聲場(chǎng)與輻射場(chǎng)同時(shí)進(jìn)行求解。然而，模態(tài)匹配方法有它自身難以克服的缺點(diǎn)。由于當(dāng)時(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算能力以及對(duì)問(wèn)題本身理解的限制，設(shè)計(jì)消聲短艙的聲學(xué)模型是相當(dāng)粗糙的。 上個(gè)世紀(jì) 60 年代中期至 70 年代中期由于渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)開(kāi)始在民用飛機(jī)上的廣泛應(yīng)用，國(guó)外開(kāi)始研究和發(fā)展航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)聲襯聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。第一次、第二次實(shí)驗(yàn)都是使用了有機(jī)玻璃機(jī)匣的聲襯，這兩次試驗(yàn)都是在中航總的“民機(jī)噪聲與聲疲勞研究”系統(tǒng)工程項(xiàng)目支持下完成的；第三次實(shí)驗(yàn)是九五期間在國(guó)防科工委“膠接蜂窩夾層結(jié)構(gòu)制造工藝研究”項(xiàng)目支 持下進(jìn)行的，使用了航空工程產(chǎn)品使用的鋁膠接蜂窩夾層材料制造；第四次實(shí)驗(yàn)是在 640 所的民機(jī)預(yù)研項(xiàng)目支持下進(jìn)行的。 但這種有組織和一定規(guī)模的研究項(xiàng)目 隨著 國(guó)家民用飛機(jī)發(fā)展計(jì)劃不斷改變而隨之消失。這種 方法針對(duì)噪聲產(chǎn)生的機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究，目的性強(qiáng)，效果也顯著，但是要達(dá)到模擬風(fēng)扇 /壓氣機(jī)真實(shí)工作條件的預(yù)測(cè)模型是非常困難的，模型求解的計(jì)算量也很大，因此目前降低聲源的噪聲是有限的。其中風(fēng)扇 /壓氣機(jī)噪聲和 排氣噪聲在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)總噪聲級(jí)中占有突出的比例。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 模態(tài)匹配，環(huán)繞積分，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，聲管，傳遞函數(shù)法，脈沖法 北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)位論文 II Title of Thesis: The Noise Elimination design in Fantube and the Research of Watertube Experimentation Speciality Major: engineering of underwater acoustics Date of Graduate: Mar,2020 Author: WANG Yi Supervisor: WANG Tongqing ABSTRACT The thesis includes two parts: a study on noise suppression of ducted fan in aeroacoustics and the research of instrumentation technology in underwater acoustic tube. It is one of the major method in merce airplane at this day to eliminate the noise in ducted fan with the anechoic liner, so it is very important to optimize the design of anechoic liner. Modematching method is a convenient calculation method, which developed in eighty years last century and widely used. BUAA has developed a program of modematching method with the support of “research on civil aviation noise control and acoustic fatigue” project. But it has not validated in detail because of no outlay support. Based on the project of APTD, the present work has improved and validated the program and has used it in optimize liner design in a two type of ducted fan. In hydroacoustics experimentation, many acoustic characteristic of acoustic material in water can be calculated by plex reflectance and plex perate coefficient. Underwater acoustic tube is widely used in the measurement of plex reflectance and plex perate coefficient, for the easement could be easily controlled and in low cost. The thesis involves the following works: The construction of underwater acoustic tubes, its operating frequency is from 500Hz to 15kHz. The equipment includes a water tube and its accessories, the data acquisition and signal processing system. A basic underwater acoustic measurement and data acquisition system have been developed, and through the experiment the preliminary experience about underwater acoustic instrumentation was obtained. Keywords: modematching method， winding number integral method， optimize design， waterfilled tubes， transfer function method， pulsetube method 北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)位論文 1 第一章 引言 1 風(fēng)扇管道消聲計(jì)算的工程背景 ....................................................................... 1 風(fēng)扇管道消聲計(jì)算的發(fā)展歷史 ....................................................................... 2 水聲聲管實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的工程背景 ....................................................................... 3 水聲聲管實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的發(fā)展歷史 ....................................................................... 4 本文工作簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................................................................ 5 第二章 管道消聲的模態(tài)匹配法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 7 前言 ........................................................................................................................... 7 物理模型及計(jì)算方法 .......................................................................................... 7 程序的完善與改進(jìn) ............................................................................................. 17 程序的驗(yàn)證與校核 ............................................................................................. 19 聲源為 J69 軸流跨音轉(zhuǎn)子的算例 ............................................................... 19 聲源為 GF90 軸流跨音轉(zhuǎn)子的算例 ............................................................... 21 對(duì) J69 聲源結(jié)合聲 襯 結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的變化使用邊界元方法進(jìn)行校核 ........... 23 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................................... 23 2． 4． 1 考慮阻抗變化的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................... 24 2． 4． 2 結(jié)合聲襯結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................. 30 小結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 44 第三章 水聲聲管的測(cè) 量和實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù) 45 工程背景 ............................................................................................................... 45 水聲聲管測(cè)量的基礎(chǔ) ........................................................................................ 45 測(cè)量方法 ............................................................................................................... 46 雙水聽(tīng)器傳遞函數(shù)法 ..................................................................................... 46 脈沖法 ............................................................................................................. 48 北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)位論文 2 測(cè)量中需注意的問(wèn)題 ........................................................................................ 50 第四章 水聲聲管的的建設(shè)和研究 53 水聲聲管的建設(shè)和研究 ................................................................................... 53 數(shù)據(jù)采集分析系統(tǒng) .............................................................................................. 58 發(fā)射換能器的 頻響曲線測(cè)量 ........................................................................... 59 聲管建設(shè)總結(jié) ....................................................................................................... 63 第五章 雙水聽(tīng)器傳遞函數(shù)法實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 65 平面波垂直入射時(shí)的反射 和透射 .......................................................................... 65 空氣軟背襯測(cè)量 ...................................................................................................... 66 吸聲橡膠尖劈 測(cè)量 .................................................................................................. 69 小結(jié) .......................................................................................................................... 73 結(jié)