外文翻譯---供給與需求的市場力量-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 附錄 B 供給與需求的市場力量 當(dāng)寒流襲擊佛羅里達(dá)時(shí)，全國超市的桔子汁價(jià)格都上升了 。s tastes because tastes are based on historical and psychological forces that are beyond the realm of economics． Economists do， however， examine what happens when tastes change． Expectations： Your expectations about the future may affect your demand for a good or service today． For example， if you expect to earn a higher ine next month， you may be more willing to spend some of your current savings buying ice cream． As another example，if you expect the price of ice cream to fall tomorrow， you may be less willing to buy an icecream cone at today39。附錄 A THE MARKET FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND When a cold snap hits Florida， the price of orange juice rises in supermarkets throughout the country． When the weather turns warm in New England every summer， the price of hotel rooms in the Caribbean plummets． When a war breaks out in the Middle East， the price of gasoline in the United States rises， and the price of a used Cadillac falls． What do these events have in mon? They all show the workings of supply and demand． Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often—and for good reason． Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work． They determine the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold． If you want to know how any event or policy will affect the economy， you must think first about how it will affect supply and demand． This chapter introduces the theory of supply and demand． It considers how buyers and sellers behave and how they interact with one another． It shows how supply and demand determine prices in a market economy and how prices， in turn， allocate the economy39。s keep in mind a particular good— ice cream． WHAT DETERMINES THE QUANTITY AN INDIVIDUAL DEMANDS Consider your own demand for ice cream． How do you decide how much ice cream to buy each month， and what factors affect your decision? Here are some of the answers you might give． Price： If the price of ice cream rose to $20 per scoop， you would buy less ice cream． You might buy frozen yogurt instead． If the price of ice cream fell to $0． 20 per scoop， you would buy more． Because the quantity demanded falls as the price rises and rises as the price falls，we say that the quantity demanded is negatively related to the price． This relationship between price and quantity demanded is true for most goods in the economy and， in fact， is so pervasive that economists call it the law of demand： Other things equal， when the price of a good rises， the quantity demanded of the good falls． Ine： What would happen to your demand for ice cream if you lost your job one summer? Most likely， it would fall． A lower
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