【正文】 its life cycle in terms of concerned quantities with some pleteness we have to deal with more than thousand data for each. In addition to this it has to be considered, that the data will change dependent from a changed choice of the used source of more or less renewable energy or farer or nearer places of to be found raw materials, or harder or softer production processes, etc. etc. It seems it will be an unsolvable task to get a correct result of the environmental and health impact assessment this means to calculate it, as it should. However it also seems that all attempts have to be made to convince us how to make our future choices. DUTCH CONTRIBUTIONS Here it will be not possible to give an unbroken historical report on all attempts towards Sustainable Development and Sustainable Building made in the Netherlands since the energy crisis in the begin of the seventies. However two lines will be sketched a governmental and a nongovernmental one, which even started before the energy crisis, around the time of the first signs given by the Club of Rome. Both of these lines developed consciousness as well as later regulations on Sustainable Building. And, of course, the practical realisations always take longer and they are much weaker than the formulation and postulation of aims. The energy crisis led to a socalled 39。 towards Sustainable Building as an essential part of Sustainable Development. The entire building process – from cradle to grave or even from cradle to cradle – in its relation to the environment in terms of energy use and emission between digging (in put) out of the environment and bringing back (out put) into the environment. On the way of this life cycle we face exploitation, pollution and deterioration of the environment. Partial reuse is always good, but it is only a very low pensation for the damages, which the whole process causes. 3 LIFE CYCLE Looking more carefully (than usual) to the Life Cycle of materials and products (and similarly also to the flow of energy), applied for all kinds of purposes, including building, it is useful to distinguish in the relationship of the changes a material (or an energy) undergoes with space and time. Doing so, we systematically can focus on the various impacts which the chain of causes and effects of the life cycle of a material has, in different scales and on short, middle, and long term. Before and after the final application and destination of a material, as a ponent in a building, while it is used the actual goal of a building material we can distinguish a number of characteristic activities. There are roughly the following activities: Before the phase of using a material it firstly has to be digged or 39。hard) energy on a large scale at least a part, in 2 the so called West by steam, electricity from fuels like coal, mineral oil, gas, hydropower and finally nuclear power, the scene of building changed dramatically, certainly in the rich countries, which used and still use to exploit others. In spite of pollution, deterioration and exploitation these phenomena even mostly fully ignored the socalled industrial revolution started. Independent from a vital need, mass production firstly of all kinds of goods and later of more and more building products started. With the economical interest and power it was possible to create markets and to sell the mass products, even to far away located consumers, while the relative easy new transportation lines of train and ship and later of truck and airplane, helped and help still to bring or catch raw materials from far away. Regional building disappeared in big parts of the world and with an International Architecture it was even postulated, that everything could be the same everywhere. In the last decades we slowly recognized the terrible effects of this way to build in our environment as well as on ourselves. The mondial disaster might be, for approximately a third, the effect of the building activities, while the Sick Building Syndrome is fully created by the recent and nowadays way to build and to dwell. At the same time we should be aware that the rich appearing, technological advanced countries, which are approximately 20% of the whole humankind, can effort this 39。style39。harvested39。Brede Maatschappelijke Discussie39。Energie Anders39。Plan van aanpak39。 more efficient installation and equipment than the standard describes。 Wonen, Uitgeverij Van Westering, Baarn, The Netherlands Baubiologie, Fachzeitschrift der Schweizerischen Interessengemeinschaft f252。r Baubiologie und 246。r Baubiologie + 214。kologie, Herausgeber und Verlag: Bundesverband 14 中文譯文： 建筑生命周期 摘要 可持續(xù)建筑是一個(gè)全球性的問(wèn)題。 該主題的科學(xué)和技術(shù)的復(fù)雜性和事實(shí)的目標(biāo) ， 是商業(yè)和政治利益 項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)建設(shè) 的棘手 問(wèn)題。 為了應(yīng)對(duì) 天氣情況，危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物 會(huì)和敵對(duì)的男同胞一起 屬于建筑物的主要功能。 但是，火 依賴于 燃料。 獨(dú)立于一個(gè)重要的需要，質(zhì)量第一的所有商品種類和越來(lái)越多的建筑產(chǎn)品后開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)。 蒙迪艾爾災(zāi)害的可能，約占三分之一，對(duì)建設(shè)活動(dòng)的影響，而病態(tài)樓宇綜合癥是完全由最近和 15 現(xiàn)在的方式來(lái)建立和住創(chuàng)建。這筆捐款的目的是幫助，虛心，支持具有必要的戰(zhàn)略合作 39。 之前和之后的最終應(yīng)用和目標(biāo)的一種材料 ，作為建筑物的組成部分，它是用來(lái) 建筑物的材料真實(shí)目的 我們可以區(qū)分的特征的活動(dòng)。 其次，建材 必須開(kāi)出或從原料生產(chǎn)。 為了使建設(shè)有用的，它需要畫龍點(diǎn)睛連同所有設(shè)備和家具，這將在建筑物一起清洗，維護(hù)和管理和開(kāi)發(fā)利用一體化的建設(shè)。部分拆除將是一個(gè)后果，不是局部或全部重建或翻新才能進(jìn)行。但是在路上，不幸的是，大部分被執(zhí)行死刑。我們能唱的能源和排放需要避免 39。同樣，這些都需 要裝卸能量，幾乎沒(méi)有其中之一，它不污染環(huán)境。在這些主要活動(dòng)之間，運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存是需要非常頻繁。收獲 39。 生命周期 更仔細(xì)地看（比平時(shí)）對(duì)材料及產(chǎn)品（同樣也是能量的流動(dòng)），對(duì)于所有各種用途，包括建筑應(yīng)用生命周期，它是有用的在變化的關(guān)系區(qū)分材料（或一種能量）經(jīng)過(guò)空間和時(shí)間。 它似乎非常難以增加的第一個(gè)關(guān)于世界的認(rèn)識(shí) 在我們蒙迪艾爾社會(huì)的這些關(guān)系。 區(qū)域建設(shè)消失在世界大部 分地區(qū)，并且 與國(guó)際建筑有人甚至推測(cè)，這一切可能是一樣的。 當(dāng)人類 在所謂的西方 從像煤 、 礦物油 、 天然氣 、 水電燃料的蒸汽 、 電力和核電 開(kāi)始開(kāi)發(fā)或生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模的能源 至少一部分，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)建設(shè)發(fā)生了巨大變化，當(dāng)然在富裕國(guó)家，使用和利用其他人仍然使用。 與這相關(guān)的 決定是一個(gè)內(nèi)置的結(jié)果，以及如何為實(shí)現(xiàn)很多能力都已經(jīng)具備。 簡(jiǎn)介 可持續(xù)建設(shè)知識(shí) 在人類 文化和文明 開(kāi)始中已經(jīng) 是一個(gè)最為重要的項(xiàng)目 。一些涉及 環(huán)境的正確和健康的建筑方法 ， 發(fā)展并應(yīng)用 在荷蘭得到表達(dá)和 在 世界的角度討論引起了 廣泛的影響。 Wohnen, Fachzeitschrift f252。r 246。kologie (SIB) und des 214。 waste management during the production and on the site。small steps39。Bouwbesl