外文翻譯---隱蔽性通貨膨脹的影響及其應(yīng)用-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 的變動影響 通貨膨脹的影響 分析員關(guān)心評估通貨膨脹對經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。 消費者物價指數(shù) (CPI)：每月會根據(jù)人口分布水平情況計算物價的平均數(shù)。在計算一般通貨膨脹率時，會受到不同區(qū)域的物價水平和不同區(qū)域的消費習(xí)慣的影響。當(dāng)一國政府經(jīng)濟(jì)上出現(xiàn)通貨膨脹時，首先該國信用貸款水平受到限制，其次工資水平受到限制，貨幣供給量減少，稅收增加需求減少或稅收減少需求增加，說服管理當(dāng)局增加投資或提高工資水平來刺激生產(chǎn)力從而帶動商品供給，在另一方面，為了減少通貨膨脹，8 國家也可以通過控制銀行和公司來控制現(xiàn)金的流入量和流出量 比起通貨膨脹的原因和改進(jìn)方法，大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家對通貨膨脹的影響更感興趣。在溫和通貨膨脹下，經(jīng)濟(jì)緩慢增長，日益增加的需求拉動物價。 Kahraman 和 Tolga（ 1995 年）計算了隱蔽通貨膨脹的稅后影響。通貨膨脹和通貨緊縮更容易發(fā)生在如食物，汽車，等商品和服務(wù)物價上升時時候。 為調(diào)整項目評估中通貨膨脹的效果，多數(shù)作者喜歡使用一個常規(guī)的指數(shù)，例如消費者物價指數(shù)。 CPI 是所謂的7 生活成本指數(shù)或補(bǔ)償指數(shù)。例如，我們經(jīng)常聽說工資通貨膨脹，國內(nèi)通貨膨脹或進(jìn)口通貨膨脹。所有物價以相同的比率上升時，家庭的收入（例如工資）增長和家庭支出相同。 毫無疑問，多數(shù)人認(rèn)為通貨膨脹必伴隨物價增加。 一、簡介 : 通貨膨脹概念指的是貨幣的增長沒有與之對應(yīng)的相同數(shù)量的產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)，在通貨膨脹下物價是當(dāng)前物價。通貨膨脹是一個難以估計的財政參數(shù)。1 中文 2640 字 本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 外 文 翻 譯 外文出處 SpringerVerlag Berlin Heidelberg,2020,173182 外文作者 Cengiz Kahraman,Tufan Demirel,and Nihan Demirel 原文 ： Effects of Inflation under Fuzziness and Some Applications Abstract:This chapter presents the ways of incorporating the parameter fuzzy inflation to the engineering economy analyses. Inflation is a financial parameter difficult to estimate. The fuzzy set theory gives us the possibility of converting linguistic expressions about inflation estimates to numerical values. In the chapter, discounted cash flow techniques including these fuzzy expressions and some numerical examples are given. The obtained results show the interval of the worst and the best possible outes when fuzzy inflation rates are taken into account. 1 Introduction Inflation is an increase in the amount of money necessary to obtain the same amount of product or service before the inflated price was present. With the inflation in anytime prices rise and the purchasing power decreases, it takes more dollars for the same amount of goods or services. Deflation is the opposite of inflation. It has the oppositeeffects, with deflation prices decrease and the purchasing power increases. With the deflation, it takes fewer dollars in the future to buy the same amount of goods or services as it does today. The governments can be face to face with the inflation much more monly than deflation at national economy (Blank and Tarquin 2020,SharpBette and Park 1990, Degarmo et al. 1990, 1990, Young 1993). 2 Most people are undoubtedly aware that inflation has to do with price increases. What is perhaps less wellknown is that the meaning of the word inflation has changed somewhat over time. Originally the word inflation was used to describe a characteristic of money – that its value was eroded. This happens when all prices in an economy rise at the same rate over time. When all prices rise at the same rate,households’ ines (for example wages) i
畢業(yè)設(shè)計相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1