【正文】 mediately. Applied to fine brush, brush full of paint in place, and pay attention to the rivet holes can not paint into. Until the time of the antirust paint dry, putty and paint system ponent surface defects gelling. Putty in the right amount of red lead powder or paste paint, thereby increasing its dry hard. Polished smooth the putty is dry and clean. Stacked too long, they have to do it again brushing. 、 Coated with phosphate primer Phosphate primer primer and phosphate solution. Two hours later brushing phosphate primer can be painted in other paint or primer. Typically, in twentyfour hours can phosphate residue with water or brush the surface to be cleaned. Dried formed on the surface of a uniform graybrown phosphate coating, on behalf of the phosphide has been reached. 、 Brush paint Brush paint many reasons brush, oil or else stream does not fall, full uniform, bright color and consistent. Brushing to check the to avoid leakage brush. The steel structure topcoats usually need to brush more than twice the thickness of 70microns. 。s national economy, the price advantage of the concrete is manifested. 、 The useful life of the steel structure Concrete structure known as never damaged steel structure general life of only 50 years, if the steel structure used in residential buildings, people expect to spend life savings to buy a house only live 50 years, will make a lot of peopleloss of desire to buy. However, with the development of the insurance industry, residential life issues should be relatively easy to solve. Steel construction installation points The whole steel structure construction process is more plex, and the requirements of the building, is very different in detail. At three points listed here will be briefly described. 、 Selection and connection The steel is usually divided into plates, profiles, metal products and pipe four major categories. Civil engineering construction steel monly used ordinary lowalloy steel, quality carbon structural steel and carbon steel, low carbon steel plastic, but the intensity is relatively high hardness. The steel structure, the crosssection of the column is generally boxsection or wideflange workersshaped, in addition to Xshaped cross section and so on。鋼 結(jié)構(gòu)的面漆通常需要刷兩遍以上，厚度達(dá) 70微米。通常情況下，二十四個(gè)小時(shí)后可以用清水或者毛刷清理表面的磷化殘留物。在膩?zhàn)痈稍锖笠蚰テ秸?，并清理干凈? 涂防銹漆、刮膩?zhàn)? 在涂漆前要保證金屬表面的干燥，如果有水份則要立即擦干。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)比較適用于規(guī)整、勻稱(chēng)以及較平的建筑平面，所以安裝流水線(xiàn)的布置要因地制宜。一般鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝采用的是塔式起重機(jī)，臂桿長(zhǎng)度要有夠的覆蓋面，并且起重能力要相應(yīng)足夠，從而滿(mǎn)足各種不同部位構(gòu)件的起吊要求。在運(yùn)到工地以后要對(duì)螺栓參數(shù)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，安裝時(shí)不能用扳手強(qiáng)行擰入或者用榔頭強(qiáng)行打入，擰入的步驟要經(jīng)過(guò)初擰、復(fù)擰以及終擰。在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中，柱子截面一般多為箱形截面或者寬翼緣“工”字形，另外還有“十”字形截面等等；梁多數(shù)是焊接或者軋制的“ H”型鋼梁，如果要求特殊也可以符合截面，在安裝前要對(duì)主要的焊 接接頭做焊接工藝的試驗(yàn)，定出焊接的格料和各項(xiàng)參數(shù)。 3 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工安裝要點(diǎn) 整體來(lái)說(shuō)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的施工流程比較復(fù)雜，并且建筑的要求不同，在細(xì)節(jié)上也有很大的差異性。 價(jià)格問(wèn)題 由于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的生產(chǎn)未形成體系，因此鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的價(jià)格比較高。通常在設(shè)計(jì)較高承載力需要使用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要考慮用不適合繼續(xù)承載的巨大變形為結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的極限狀態(tài)為準(zhǔn)則。因此要提高這些構(gòu)件的穩(wěn)定性，就要增加型鋼的尺寸或者采取填充混凝土以及外包混凝土的措施，以提高截面的剛度。鋼架像在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中一樣，被用來(lái)擴(kuò)展現(xiàn)有的混凝土建筑結(jié)構(gòu)或者增加樓層。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，低碳鈮鋼比高碳鋼成分鋼更能改善韌性。正是因?yàn)殇摌?gòu)件的韌性才使其在彎曲、剪切、沖孔、鍛造、鉆孔等制作過(guò)程中降低了產(chǎn)生裂紋的可能性。不過(guò)雖然鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)變延性比較高，但是因?yàn)槭軓潣?gòu)件的受力不穩(wěn)定，所以構(gòu)件的曲率延性經(jīng)常不足。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)可以說(shuō)是目前使用最廣泛的、韌性最好的工程材料之一。結(jié)構(gòu)體系的實(shí)際剛度又由其構(gòu)件和連接件的分布來(lái)決定。近幾年來(lái)，建筑用鋼發(fā)生了很大的變化，過(guò)去的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)所用的抗拉強(qiáng)度以及屈服強(qiáng)度相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)均摘自于 CISC（ 2020）歷史記錄，而目前加拿大對(duì)于工程結(jié)構(gòu)鋼以及普通建筑結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定出 7個(gè)鋼種和 8個(gè)強(qiáng)度級(jí)別。 附件 1：外文資料翻譯譯文 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在土木工程中的研究應(yīng)用 土木工程結(jié)構(gòu)常用到兩種材料，即鋼筋混凝土以及結(jié)構(gòu)鋼，對(duì)于土木工程來(lái)說(shuō)，不僅要從結(jié)構(gòu)特性的角度考慮，還要考慮施工的成本有效性以及施工有效性。 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)： 簽名： 年 月 日 注： 請(qǐng)將該封面 與附件裝訂成冊(cè)?？梢岳糜嘘P(guān)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)確定結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的構(gòu)件性能，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中列出了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)可使用的材料，比如建筑結(jié)構(gòu)鋼要滿(mǎn)足 CSA 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ASTM standardA992/A992M 或者 CAN/CSA 。 剛度 振動(dòng)、變形等適用性參數(shù)由構(gòu)件的剛度來(lái)決定，進(jìn)而由結(jié)構(gòu)體系的剛度來(lái)決定。一般情況下延性是結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)