【正文】 dures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated control system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Action will have to use plex programmable robot controller, the microputer control. Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be programmed according to the needs of the task to plete the operation of the provisions. It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to plete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines such as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the Mechanical Hand, which is the host of services, from the hostdriven。s industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices. In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes manmade incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can e to replace it. Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity。s intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to plete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity. However, the upper and lower mon in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relaycontrolled semiautomatic device. The former timeconsuming and labor intensive, inefficient。當(dāng)工件變更時(shí)，柔性生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)很容易改變，有利于企業(yè)不斷更新適銷(xiāo)對(duì)路的品種，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，更好地適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要。機(jī)械手能代替人類(lèi)完成危險(xiǎn)、重復(fù)枯燥的工作，減輕人類(lèi)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力。 機(jī)械手主要由手部和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。 能模仿人手和臂的某些動(dòng)作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬運(yùn)物件或操作工具的自動(dòng)操作裝置。手部機(jī)構(gòu)隨使用場(chǎng)合和操作對(duì)象而不同 ， 常見(jiàn)的有夾持﹑托持和吸附等類(lèi)型。應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以代替人從事單調(diào)﹑重復(fù)或繁重的體力勞動(dòng) ， 實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化 ， 代替人在有害環(huán)境下的手工操作 ， 改善勞動(dòng)條件 ， 保證人身安全。 (6) 軍事工程及生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面的研究和試驗(yàn)。 (2) 在裝配作業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛，在電子行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)裝配印制電路板，在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)組裝零部件。 主要特點(diǎn)： (1) 機(jī)械手（上下料機(jī)械手、裝配機(jī)械手、搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手、堆垛機(jī)械手、助力機(jī)械手、真空搬運(yùn)機(jī)、 真空吸吊機(jī)、省力吊具、氣動(dòng)平衡器等）。它起源于原子、軍事工業(yè)，先是通過(guò)操作機(jī)來(lái)完成特定的作業(yè)，后來(lái)發(fā)展到用無(wú)線電訊號(hào)操作機(jī)來(lái) 進(jìn)行探測(cè)月球等。它是一種獨(dú)立的不附屬于某一主機(jī)的裝置。 2. 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) 執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)作要由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。手是抓取機(jī)構(gòu)，用來(lái)夾緊和松開(kāi)工件，與人的手指相仿，能完成人手的類(lèi)似動(dòng)作。 空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會(huì)變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。 空氣的粘性很小，管路中壓力損失也就很小，便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。但是也有它美中不足的地方： ，致使氣動(dòng)工作的穩(wěn)定性差，因而造成執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和定為精度不易控制。（環(huán)保的概念） 性很小，管路中壓力損失也很?。ㄒ话銡饴纷枇p失不到油路的千分之一），便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。可以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實(shí)現(xiàn) 安全生產(chǎn)；尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進(jìn)行正常的工作。 在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，你是否會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。那些電子和汽車(chē)業(yè)的歐美跨國(guó)公司很早就在它們?cè)O(shè)在中國(guó)的工廠中引進(jìn)了自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)?？删幊绦蚩刂破?PLC 控制的上下料機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)便、線路設(shè)計(jì)合理、具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力 , 保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性 ,降低了維修率 , 提高了工作效率。隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展 , 出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心 ,它在減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí) , 大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。 外文資料翻譯譯文 機(jī)械手 機(jī)械手是近