外文翻譯---香農(nóng)和“香農(nóng)公式”-其他專業(yè)-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 theory, had also a practical and a playful side. The photo shows him with one of his inventions: a mecha nical ―mouse‖ that could find its way through a maze. He is also known for his electronic puter working with roman numerals and a gasolinepowered pogo stick. Independent discoveries One indicator that the time was ripe for a fundamental theory of infor mation transfer in the first postwar years is given in the numerous papers attempting at such theories published at that time. In particular, three sources give formulas quite similar to (1). The best known of these is the book entitled Cyberics [2] published by Wiener in 1949. Norbert Wiener was a philosophically inclined and proverbially absentminded professor of mathematics at MIT. Noheless, he was deeply concerned about the application of mathematics in all fields of society. This interest led hi m to founding the science of cyberics. This field, which is perhaps best defined by the subtitle of [2]: ―Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine‖ included, among other things, a theory for information content in a signal and the transmission of this information through a channel. Wiener was, however, not a master of municating his ideas to the technical munity, and even though the relation to Shannon’s formula is pointed out in [2], the notation is cumbersome, and 7 the relevance to practical munication systems is far from obvious. Reference to Wiener’s work was done explicitly by Shannon in [1]. He also acknowledged the work by Tuller3. William G. Tuller was an employee at MIT’s Research Laboratory for Electronics in the second half of the 1940s. In 1948 he defended a thesis at MIT on ―Theoretical Limitations on the Rate of Transmission of Information4‖. In his thesis Tuller starts by referring to Nyquist’s and Hartley’s works (see below). Leaning on the use of sampling and quantization of a bandlimited signal, and arguing that intersymbol interference introduced by a bandlimited channel can in principle be eliminated, he states quite correctly that under noisefree conditions an unlimited amount of information can be transmitted over such a channel.
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