外文翻譯---智利高等教育的新型助學(xué)貸款制度-教育教學(xué)-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 higher education 出 處： Higher Education 作 者： Christian Larraln , Salvador Zurita 譯 文： 智利高等教育的新型助學(xué)貸款制度 摘要 智利的高等教育 體制 在世界上 有名， 因?yàn)樗亲?具 私有化和 最 開放的市場(chǎng) 之一 。 a graduate from a professional institute makes times the salary of a high school graduate, and college graduate earns four times the average ine of a person who only has pleted high school. Basic equity criteria requires the existence of a student loan system that allows ?nancing the (pro?table) investment in education, particularly in a country like Chile, characterized byunequal distribution of ine, in which no more than 20% of the population could ?nance the cost of higher education with their own resources. Although the State student loan system started at the beginning of the 1980s, its current mode originated in 1994 and is denominated Solidary System of University Loans (SSUL). Under this system, the loan payments are contingent on ine, with a maximum term of 15 years. This traditional system has shown six main limitations. The Chilean education system can be characterized as dual, in the sense that two sectors coexist: the university sector, which offers academic and professional careers and another that is nonuniversity, which offers technical–vocational programs. In this framework, a ?rst limitation is that the SSUL has insuf?cient coverage, being restricted to less than half the university sector (the 25 public universities grouped in the Council of Presidents (‘‘Consejo de Rectores’’), excluding the rest of the universities and nonuniversity institutions (technical formation centers and professional institutes). Second, since this is ?nancing with State funds, it is dif?cult for the current system to respond to the growing loan needs derived from high rates of growth in the number of higher education students。 the individual that studies incurs in direct costs (registration, etc.), but mainly in opportunity costs (the ine sacri?ced by not working), and hence in order to have economic incentives to study, he or she must be pensated for this sacri?ce by way of greater ine once their education is plete. The main idea of the human capital theory is precisely that the greater subsequent ine represents pensation for the investment made. In both the human capital and the screening model focus on the private bene?ts of education, but education has also social bene?ts, for example, greater social cohesion, higher future taxes (due to higher ine), and increased productivity of others (economies of scope). On this last aspect, Moretti (2021) ?nds that, after controlling through other factors, if the number of university students rises by 1% in a city, this is related to increases in the salaries of employees with inplete university studies (%), high school studies (%) and other university students (%). The analogy between education and any investment in physical capital has an important limitation, however, because of the different nature of the property rights between the two forms of capital. In effect, while physical capital property rights can be freely transferred in a market economy, in a free society slavery is not allowed and hence human capital property rights are indissolubly connected to the person in which that human capital is embodied, the sale of human capital is not permitted. Salary payments and work ine are seen as equivalent to renting human capital。外文題目： The new student loan system in Chile’s higher education 出 處： Higher Education 作 者： Christian Larraln , Salvador Zurita 原 文： The new student loan system in Chile’s higher education Abstract Chile’s higher education system stands out as being one of the most privatized and open to the market in the world. Recently, the Chilean Congress passed Law of 2021, which p
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