【正文】 規(guī)范以及短期規(guī)劃的實(shí)踐，而不是長期管理的更加廣泛的決策規(guī)范。當(dāng)發(fā)生意外事件的家庭無法支付時(shí)，這種態(tài)度和做法有可能導(dǎo)致破產(chǎn)。有時(shí)采取這一行為來減少每月收到的賬單總額，與總成本無關(guān)。 比起其他信貸利率較低的替代品，信用卡通常是優(yōu)先使用的，因?yàn)樗鼈兒唵危仔?，方便，可迅速獲得資金。他們認(rèn)為自己無法維持和保留資金，直至目標(biāo)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 信貸的利用，近似儲蓄的鏡像，是需要財(cái)務(wù)管理者采取謹(jǐn)慎的行動(dòng)的另一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。他們認(rèn)為這樣做并沒有取得什么進(jìn)展。他們表示儲蓄是一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)，有以下幾個(gè)原因。目前，該建議的做法著眼于使用資凈資產(chǎn)作為幸福的主要指標(biāo)的長期前景。盡管事實(shí)上他們的行為有時(shí)有不同的表現(xiàn)，家庭理財(cái)人員說他們沒有使用推薦的做法，是由于其現(xiàn)金流管理例行性質(zhì)和使用這些工具的效益的缺乏。很少報(bào)告人描述對一個(gè)長期需要的準(zhǔn)備而采取的行動(dòng)。報(bào)告人認(rèn)為對長期考慮的缺乏是明顯的，但是在采訪時(shí)并沒有 說什么。家庭理財(cái)人員的關(guān)注點(diǎn)和問題圍繞著相對于整個(gè)金融資源的預(yù)算 、 保險(xiǎn) 、 資產(chǎn)增長和凈資產(chǎn)的管理工作而言的目前的現(xiàn)金流量。羅莉表示，她和其他人一樣是“月光族”，消費(fèi)完他們大部分工資。他們想要感到與其他人一樣?！鄙５险f，他們“比當(dāng)他們第一次結(jié)婚有了更好的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。 辛迪、洛賴和山姆表示，家庭“做得還不錯(cuò)”是第一個(gè)總體思路。安吉?jiǎng)?chuàng)建了帶有“心靈游戲”的虛假余額，因?yàn)樗秊樘崆耙粋€(gè)月支付的健康保險(xiǎn)金賬單記錄了 240 元。另一個(gè)要考慮的因素是財(cái)務(wù)經(jīng)理需要去感覺的個(gè)人理財(cái)?shù)陌踩庾R。兩個(gè)報(bào)告人，安吉和加里，聽從理財(cái)規(guī)劃師的建議。”探詢報(bào)告人如何以及哪里收集財(cái)務(wù)信息時(shí)輕松便利也會出現(xiàn)。 其他的輕松便利的因素包括銀行地點(diǎn)的選擇和加里的“報(bào)表的可讀性”。另一個(gè)工具是 程序的發(fā)展，來幫助對精神資源擔(dān)保的最低估計(jì)規(guī)劃。 輕松和方便。羅莉指出她的時(shí)間取向，當(dāng)她談到了“儲蓄的重要性”，但沒有重要到打斷“他們目前的生活方式。 Firebaugh, 1988). In cashflow management terms, the focal point would be the improvement of shortterm cashflow management through the use of easy, convenient tools. In contrast, current remended practices offer tools for the short term that are based on future worth maximization. The redesign of financial management tools requires a reanizing of the underlying objectives. Tools must be convenient and easy to use in the short term and help achieve long term economic wellbeing. Such tools must provide anticipated rewards that exceed the costs, in terms of time and mental energy, required to implement them. Tools must limit, to a degree, the mental energy and time necessary to perform long term planning. New tools could be patterned after the longterm safety tools already in place. These tools include items such as employeeprovided health and, sometimes, life insurance. Homeowners are required by a lender to have home insurance. Automobile owners and state licensing agencies require that a person have some level of auto insurance. All employees have Social Security and often have a retirement plan if they are working for a major employer. Source: Glenn Muske and Mary Winter,2021,”An InDepth Look at Family CashFlow Management Practices”. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. vol. 22, . 譯文： 對家庭現(xiàn)金流管理實(shí)踐的深入研究 時(shí)間取向。 the priority is the payment of bills. Savings is often the money left over at the end of the month, not money set aside first. A mental hurdle for many people is only putting a small amount into savings at a time. They see little progress when doing that. Instead, they want to put in a significant amount, even if it happens less often and they lose interest during the interim. Financial managers do that when they overwithhold on federal tax deposits, a practice used by all seven of the informants. The large tax refund permits some options. The use of credit, the near mirrorimage of savings, is another area in which financial managers took careful action. All informants believe that they are controlling the family’s debt load. But they indicated that the rewards of waiting do not surpass the cost of buying something on credit. For that reason, they use credit to achieve additional goods. They see themselves as unable to save and retain the funds until a goal can be achieved. Debt payments are something they have to make, whereas savings is optional. Indeed, as several informants indicated, a good money management practice is to purchase something new as soon as a debt is paid off. Thus, they avoid absorbing the money into ge