單塔起重機(jī)位置優(yōu)化的外文翻譯-全文預(yù)覽
【正文】 在計(jì)算方法相似外，起重機(jī)的數(shù)量類型和設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)規(guī)則也得以提高 假設(shè) 采訪網(wǎng)站管理員關(guān)于他們的公司和觀察到手上的工作電流的方法。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示尤其是在全面覆蓋工作領(lǐng)域，沒(méi)有干 擾，平衡工作載荷和地面情況是決定塔機(jī)位置重要的原因。例如，起重機(jī)的總數(shù)、每組起重機(jī)的數(shù)量、最大限度的裝載、延遲卸貨等等。首先用位置模型產(chǎn)生一個(gè)相似的任務(wù)組，然 后用任務(wù)分配模型調(diào)整，最后優(yōu)化模型輪流 并運(yùn)用到每個(gè)任務(wù)組中的準(zhǔn)確 位置。從供應(yīng)點(diǎn)傳送一個(gè)裝載需求點(diǎn)，必須把起重機(jī)放在兩個(gè)重合的橢圓區(qū)域，如圖表 1(b)，這是合適任務(wù)區(qū)域。 (b)兩個(gè)區(qū)域部分相交（任務(wù) 1與 3）。例如，任務(wù) 2到任務(wù) 1的距離比到任務(wù) 3的距離近因?yàn)槿蝿?wù) 1和 2交疊區(qū)域比任務(wù) 1和 3的大。 將任務(wù)組分類 如果兩個(gè)合適的區(qū)域不存在重疊的部分，在沒(méi)有其它的可選擇 的情況下兩個(gè)起重機(jī)就 需 要分開(kāi)來(lái)完成任務(wù)，例如 起重機(jī)的舉起能力很大或作用點(diǎn)重新規(guī)劃布局等 類似的情況，如果有 3個(gè)任務(wù)且 沒(méi)有任何兩個(gè)任務(wù)有交疊的區(qū)域情況下需要3個(gè)起重機(jī)完成任務(wù)。模型能夠通過(guò)展示任務(wù)的圖形布局和合適區(qū)域大小的列表提供幫助。 初始起重機(jī)的位置 當(dāng)產(chǎn)生了任務(wù)組，交疊區(qū)域也同時(shí)形成了。而且起重機(jī)之間會(huì)干擾，將任務(wù)分配并用多個(gè)起重機(jī)同時(shí)工作使干擾降低到最小 過(guò)去三套輸入切實(shí)可行的區(qū)域 合適區(qū)域的形狀與大小，圖表 9所示。另外，裝置 5有優(yōu)越的固定塔機(jī)位置的電梯井，除了干擾和不平衡負(fù)載太大 結(jié)論 全面的完成任務(wù)是規(guī)劃起重機(jī)機(jī)組的重要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。為了做到這點(diǎn)，突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了三個(gè)子模型，首先， 通過(guò)相近的幾何位置將所有的任務(wù)分類產(chǎn)生一個(gè)總體布局。除了起重機(jī)的安全設(shè)施的改進(jìn)和平均效率的提高，還縮短 1040%的吊鉤的運(yùn)輸時(shí)間。因此，最終的決定應(yīng)該與這些因素有關(guān)。 namely, (a) one fully enclosed by another (tasks 1 and 2)。 other factors relating to building structure, foundation conditions, laydown spaces for materials, accessibility of adjoining properties and so on, also contribute to the problem of locations. Therefore, the final decision should be made in connection with these factors. 。 and (c) two areas separated (tasks 2 and 3). As indicated in cases (a) and (b), by being located in area A, a crane can handle both tasks 1 and 2, and similarly, within B, tasks 1 and 3. However, case (c) shows that tasks 2 and 3 are so far from each other that a single tower crane is unable to handle both without moving location。 constrained work space and limitations of crane capacity make it inevitable that crane areas overlap. Subsequently, interference and collisions can occur even if crane jibs work at different levels. Crane position(s) tend to be determined through trial and error, based on site topography/shape and overall coverage of tasks. The alterna tives for crane location can be plex, so managers remain confronted by multiple choices and little quantitative reference. Crane location models have evolved over the past 20 years. Warszawski (1973) established a timedistance formula by which quantitative evaluation of location was possible. Furusaka and Gray (1984) presented a dynamic programming model with the objective function being hire cost, but without consideration of location. Gray and Little (1985) optimized crane location in irregularshaped buildings while Wijesundera and Harris (1986) designed a simulation model to reconstruct operation times and equipment cycles when handling concrete. Farrell and Hover (1989) developed a database with a graphical interface to assist in crane selection and location. Choi and Harris (1991) introduced another model to optimize single tower crane location by calculating total transportation times incurred. Emsley (1992) proposed several improvements to the Choi and Harris model. Apart from these algorithmic approaches, rulebased systems have also evolved to assist decisions on crane numbers and types as well as their site layout。但是它沒(méi)有捕獲所有的專業(yè)知識(shí)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。最后，運(yùn)用最佳優(yōu)化原則找到一個(gè)在三個(gè)層面上的
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