【正文】 播過程中也遵循可聞聲波的傳播規(guī)律。 聲波是物體機(jī)械振動(dòng)狀態(tài)或者能量的傳播形式，所謂振動(dòng)是指物體的質(zhì)點(diǎn)在其平衡位置附近做往返運(yùn)動(dòng)的狀態(tài)。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 超聲波傳感器；單片機(jī)；測(cè)距 安徽工業(yè)大學(xué) 超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 第 2 頁 共 45 頁 Abstract Compared with other kinds of product, SingleChip Microputer is simple, small, light and easily controlled. It is used extensively in mechanical electron, aerospace, metallurgical mining technology, electric home appliances and such a lot of fields, so SingleChip Microputer has played huge role. Orientation of ultrasonic is very good. When ultrasonic travels through air, it can go farther and energy consume slowly. For those many advantages, ultrasonic is used in distance measurement. This distance measurement is quick, nice and advanced. Ultrasonic technology is a general technology that is used in mercial and professional fields. It is through ultrasonic production, propagate and reception. Ultrasonic technology has been extensive application in the ultrasound of every industrial department survey, welding, detection and ultrasonic medical system. It easily realized. Based on the ultrasonic system of range finding of singlechip microputer is low price, accuracy and easily controlled. In this measurement, ultrasonic wave can be reached . Keywords: Single chip microputer； Ultrasonic sensor ； Distance measurement 安徽工業(yè)大學(xué) 超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 第 3 頁 共 45 頁 目錄 目錄 ............................................................................ 3 第一章 緒 論 ................................................................... 5 超聲波 .................................................................. 5 超聲波特點(diǎn) ........................................................ 5 超聲波檢測(cè)簡介 ..................................................... 5 單片機(jī) .................................................................. 6 單片機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................... 6 單片機(jī)的特點(diǎn)和指標(biāo) ................................................. 8 單片機(jī)的發(fā)展史 .......................................................... 9 單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用 ........................................................... 10 智能化產(chǎn)品 ....................................................... 10 智能化儀表 ....................................................... 10 智能化測(cè)控系統(tǒng) .................................................... 10 智能化接口 ....................................................... 10 第二章 超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的原理及 AT89C51單片機(jī) .................................... 12 超聲波發(fā)生器及測(cè)距原理 .................................................. 12 超聲波發(fā)生器 ...................................................... 12 壓電式超聲波發(fā)生器原理 ............................................ 12 超聲波測(cè)距原理 .................................................... 12 方案的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................. 13 AT89C51單片機(jī)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) .................................................. 14 單片機(jī) AT89C51的引腳特性 ................................................ 15 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的定時(shí) /計(jì)數(shù) 器簡介 ............................................. 17 加 1 計(jì)數(shù)器 ....................................................... 17 定時(shí) /計(jì)數(shù)器控制寄存器 ............................................. 17 工作方式寄存器 .................................................... 18 定時(shí) /計(jì)數(shù)器的工作方式 ................................................... 19 方式 1 ............................................................ 19 定時(shí) /計(jì)數(shù)器的初始化 ..................................................... 20 51 單片機(jī)的中斷系統(tǒng) ..................................................... 21 中斷源 ........................................................... 21 中斷方式 ......................................................... 22 中斷控制寄存器 .................................................... 22 中斷優(yōu)先級(jí)控制 .................................................... 24 中斷響應(yīng)的條件 .................................................... 24 中斷響應(yīng)過程 ...................................................... 25 第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 26 超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)電路總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 .......................................... 26 發(fā)射電路方案設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 27 接收電路的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... 28 顯示模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................... 29 第四章 系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................... 31 安徽工業(yè)大學(xué) 超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 第 4 頁 共 45 頁 編程語言 ............................................................... 31 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) C 語言的程序結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................. 31 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) C 語言的特點(diǎn) ................................................. 32 單片機(jī) C 語言 ........................................................... 32 單片機(jī) C 語言和標(biāo)準(zhǔn) C 語言的比較 ................................... 32 單片機(jī) C 語言的特點(diǎn) ............................................... 33 主程序流程 ............................................................. 33 主程序編寫 ............................................................. 34 發(fā)射與接收環(huán)節(jié) .................................................... 34 距離計(jì)算環(huán)節(jié) ...................................................... 36 顯示環(huán)節(jié) ......................................................... 36 主程序整合 ....................................................... 37 結(jié) 論 .......................................................................... 38 致 謝 .......................................................................... 39 參 考 文 獻(xiàn) .................................................................... 40 附 錄 .......................................................................... 41 附錄一 系統(tǒng)主電路接線圖 ..................................................... 41 附錄二 實(shí)物圖 ...........................